The Biological Basis of Behavior
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| psychobiology | show 🗑
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| neurons | show 🗑
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| dendrites | show 🗑
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| axon | show 🗑
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| show | group of axons bundled together
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| myelin sheath | show 🗑
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| show | neurons that carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord or brain
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| motor (efferent) neurons | show 🗑
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| show | neurons that carry messages from one meuron to another
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| show | cells that form the myelin sheath; they insulate and support neurons by holding them together, removing waste prodcuts, and preventing harmful substances from passing from the bloodstream into the brain
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| show | electrically charged particles found both inside and outside the neuron
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| resting potential | show 🗑
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| polarization | show 🗑
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| neural impulse (action potential) | show 🗑
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| show | a shift the electrical charge of in a tiny area of a neuron
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| threshold of excitation | show 🗑
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| show | principle that the action potential in a neuron does not vary in strength; the neuron either fires at full strength or it does not fire at all
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| show | a period after firing when a neuron will not fire again no matter how strong the incoming messages may be
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| relative refractory period | show 🗑
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| synaptic space (synaptic cleft) | show 🗑
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| terminal button (synaptic knob) | show 🗑
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| show | area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron
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| show | tiny sacs in a terminal button that release chemicals into the synapse
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| show | chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons
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| receptor site | show 🗑
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| show | the ability of the brain to change in response to experience
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| show | the growth of new neurons
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| show | division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord
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| show | division of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body
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| hindbrain | show 🗑
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| cerebellum | show 🗑
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| midbrain | show 🗑
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| thalamus | show 🗑
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| hypothalamus | show 🗑
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| reticular formation (RF) | show 🗑
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| limbic system | show 🗑
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| show | the outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulates most complex behavior
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| association areas | show 🗑
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| occipital lobe | show 🗑
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| show | part of the cerebral hemisphere that helps regulate hearing, balance and equilibrium, and certain emotions and motivations
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| parietal lobe | show 🗑
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| primary somatosensory cortex | show 🗑
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| show | part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for voluntary movement; it is also important for attention, goal-directed behavior, and appropriate emotional experiences
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| primary motor cortex | show 🗑
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| corpus callosum | show 🗑
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| spinal cords | show 🗑
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| show | the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries messages from the senses to the central nervous system and between the central nervous system and the skeletal muscles
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| autonomic nervous system | show 🗑
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| sympathetic division | show 🗑
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| parasympathetic division | show 🗑
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| show | glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
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| hormones | show 🗑
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| show | endocrine gland located below the voice box; it produces the hormone thyroxin
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| show | four tiny glands embedded in the thyroid; they secrete parathormone
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| pineal gland | show 🗑
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| pancreas | show 🗑
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| show | gland located on the inderside of the brain; it produces the largest number of the body's hormones
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| show | two endocrine glands located just above the kidneys
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| behavior genetics | show 🗑
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| show | a subfield of psychology concerned with the origins of behaviiors and mental processes, their adaptive value, and the purposes they continue to serve
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| show | study of how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next
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| genes | show 🗑
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| chromosomes | show 🗑
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| show | complex molecule in a double-helix configuration that is the main ingredient of chromosomes and genes and forms the code for all genetic information
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| human genome | show 🗑
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| dominant gene | show 🗑
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| recessive gene | show 🗑
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| show | process by which several genes interact to produce a certain trait; responsible for our most important traits
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| show | studies of the heritability of behavioral traits using animals that have been inbred to produce strains that are genetically similar to one another
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| selection studies | show 🗑
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| family studies | show 🗑
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| twin studies | show 🗑
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| show | twins developed from a single fertilized ovum and therefore identical in genetic makeup at the time of conception
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| show | twins developed from two separate fertilized ova and therefore different in genetic makeup
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| show | research carried out on children, adopted at birth by parents not related to them, to determine the relative influence of heredity and environment on human behavior
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| natural selection | show 🗑
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