Brain and behavior
Help!
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| Learning | show 🗑
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| show | is the ability to store and retrieve
information, or the specific information stored in
the brain.
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| show | a severe memory impairment
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| Retrograde amnesia | show 🗑
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| Who was patient aka Henry Molaison | show 🗑
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| Anterograde amnesia | show 🗑
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| Memory | show 🗑
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| show | facts and information
acquired through learning that can be stated or
described; used to answer “what” questions
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| show | shown by performance rather than recollection;
used to answer “how” questions
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| Delayed non-matching-to-sample task | show 🗑
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| show | amnesia due to damage to the
dorsomedial thalamus and mammillary
bodies
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| Korsakoff’s syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | generalized declarative
memory
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| show | detailed autobiographical
memory
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| Declarative memory | show 🗑
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| show | learning to perform a challenging
task through repetition
• All kinds—sensorimotor, perceptual, and
cognitive—are impaired by damage to the
basal ganglia
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| show | a change in stimulus processing due to
prior exposure to the stimulus
• Function of the cortex—different types of
priming are related to reduced activity in
different cortical areas
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| show | Skill learning and Priming
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| show | The association between
two stimuli, or between a stimulus and a response
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| show | a neutral stimulus, repeatedly
paired with a stimulus that elicits a response,
begins to elicit the response of the stimulus
when presented alone.
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| show | an association is made between
a behavior
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| Sensory buffer | show 🗑
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| show | usually last about
30 seconds, or throughout rehearsal.
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| Long-term memories (LTMs | show 🗑
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| Encoding | show 🗑
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| show | information may be
consolidated into long-term storage
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| Retrieval | show 🗑
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| show | Encoding. Consolidation, Retrieval
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| memory trace | show 🗑
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| show | the return of a memory trace
to stable, long-term storage after recall.
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| show | Standard condition (SC)
• Impoverished condition (IC)
• Enriched condition (EC)
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| show | • Heavier, thicker cortex
• Enhanced cholinergic activity
• More dendritic branches and spines on cortical
neurons
• Larger cortical synapses
• More neurons in the hippocampus
• Enhanced recovery from brain damage
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| show | nvolves only one
stimulus
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| Habituation | show 🗑
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| show | act together to store
memory traces
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| Tetanus | show 🗑
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| Ectoderm | show 🗑
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| show | The crests of the neural groove join
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| Six stages of brain development | show 🗑
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| Neurogenesis | show 🗑
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| Cell migration | show 🗑
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| Synaptogenesis | show 🗑
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| Cell death | show 🗑
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| Synapse rearrangement | show 🗑
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| show | an important part of brain
development
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| Adult neurogenesis | show 🗑
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| Genotype | show 🗑
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| show | sum of an individual’s physical
characteristics; changes constantly based on
extrinsic effects on genes
• Identical twins: Differences in neural
phenotypes produce different behaviors.
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| show | asexually produced organisms that are
genetically identical
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| show | the study of the factors that change
gene expression without changing the gene
sequences.
• Genetically identical male mice raised by
different mothers show different behaviors.
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| Methylation | show 🗑
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| Dementia | show 🗑
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| show | form of dementia. The
brain exhibits striking cortical atrophy and
reduced metabolism
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| show | abnormal whorls of
filaments
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| show | Liking one’s therapist
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| show | False it was phased out by atypical antipsychotics
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| show | Positive symptoms are adding atypical symptoms while negative symptoms are taking away typical behavior
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| show | Sue feels she is being, Ann hears internal voice, Jack loses much of his money because he manically gambles
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| Provide one reason why men have lower rates of mental health incidence as compared to women. | show 🗑
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| show | Living in New York City
A person's mother acquired a viral infection while pregnant
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| Which of the following is/are treatments for depression? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements regarding memory is FALSE? | show 🗑
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| Based on what we discussed in class, explain what neurotransmitter and receptors are involved in long-term potentiation (1 sentence) | show 🗑
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| . Explain how neurotransmitter and receptors are connected for LTP (3-4 sentences). | show 🗑
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| Monozygotic and dizygotic twins have the same genotypes and phenotypes, unless epigenetic effects such as methylation act on organismal DNA. False | show 🗑
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| show | caudal to rostral / postrial to antrior
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| if a researcher wanted to determine which region develops into neural tissue, ectoderm || mesoderm || endoderm | show 🗑
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| show | Beta-amyloid plaques have been traditionally considered to be a causal factor
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| show | Your spouse often cooks with jalapeño peppers and you don't notice the spice/Your new roommate wears a strong chocolate smelling perfume,but by October, don't smell it anymore After living next to the Turnpike for over a decade->not notice horns
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| show | Sematic
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| Remembering mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell | show 🗑
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| show | procedural
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| Knowing your professor's favorite hockey team is the Penguins | show 🗑
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| show | is the process of selecting or focusing on one or more stimuli.
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| Overt attention | show 🗑
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| covert attention | show 🗑
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| Cocktail party effect | show 🗑
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| Inattentional blindness | show 🗑
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| show | subjects must focus on just one of two or more simultaneous stimuli.
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| show | simultaneous delivery of different stimuli to the left and right ears
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| divided-attention | show 🗑
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| attentional spotlight | show 🗑
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| attentional bottleneck | show 🗑
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| show | the immediate processing demands presented by a stimulus; determines how much of our perceptual resources are used
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| show | task measures reaction time for noticing the appearance of a specific target preceded by a symbolic cue:
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| Voluntary attention (voluntary attention) | show 🗑
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| Reflexive attention (exogenous attention) | show 🗑
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| Feature search | show 🗑
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| show | a search based on two or more features that together distinguish the target
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| show | asks how the brain blends individual attributes into a single object when each attribute is processed in a different brain region.
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| show | the ability to track brain changes that occur quickly.
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| show | the ability to observe detailed brain structure.
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| show | strengthened for selectively attended stimuli.
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| P20-50 effect | show 🗑
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| auditory N1 effect | show 🗑
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| show | occurs later in the ERP and may reflect higher-order processing.
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| superior colliculus | show 🗑
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| show | involved in visual processing, orienting and shifting attention, and filtering of stimuli.
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| temporoparietal junction (TPJ) | show 🗑
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| Hemispatial neglect | show 🗑
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| show | Oculomotor ataxia—difficulty steering gaze
Optic ataxia—inability to accurately reach for objects using visual guidance
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| show | profound restriction of attention to one object at a time
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| Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) | show 🗑
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| show | Trouble with voluntary movement of eyes
Trouble converging eyes on close-up objects
Difficulty with covert attention
Difficulty switching between attentional targets, even without eye movement
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| show | the transmission of information between individuals that occurs in many species.
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| language | show 🗑
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| show | our ability to navigate and understand spatial relationships between objects
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| dichotic presentation | show 🗑
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| show | used to study visual perception of linguistic stimuli.
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| planum temporale | show 🗑
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| Prosody | show 🗑
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| Astereognosis | show 🗑
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| show | the inability to recognize faces, including one’s own.
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| Wada Test | show 🗑
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| show | region of the left inferior frontal region involved in speech production
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| show | difficulty with producing speech, but not with comprehension.
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| show | paralysis of one side of the body, usually the right side.
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| Global aphasia | show 🗑
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| connectionist model of aphasia | show 🗑
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| show | an impairment in the repetition of words and sentences.
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| motor theory of language | show 🗑
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| Phonemes | show 🗑
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| show | simple units of meaning; assembled into words with meaning; semantics
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| Dyslexia | show 🗑
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| show | sudden dyslexia after brain damage, usually to the left hemisphere
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| show | patients read one word as another, related word.
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| Surface dyslexia | show 🗑
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| show | the recovery of behavioral capacity following brain damage from stroke or injury.
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| concussion | show 🗑
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| show | dementia that results from too many blows to the head and is characterized by excess tau protein within neurons, which interferes with their function.
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| Lesion momentum | show 🗑
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| show | patient uses the affected limb to perform tasks while the unaffected limb is constrained.
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Popular Psychology sets