7.7B, 7.13AB, 7.14ABC FORCES & MOTION IN PLANTS, HOMEOSTASIS IN ORGANISMS, HERED
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| STIMULUS | Action or condition that provokes a response.
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| RESPONSE | Change in a system resulting from a stimulus.
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| HOMEOSTASIS | Tendency of an organism or cell to maintain a balanced state so as to maintain health and function.
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| PATHOGEN | Microorganism or virus that can cause disease.
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| FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT | Short-term physiological changes in response to stress that prepare the body for intense activity to avoid harm.
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| INTERNAL STIMULUS | A change from within an organism, such as hunger and thirst, that causes the organism to respond.
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| EXTERNAL STIMULUS | Anything outside the body of the organism that can cause a response in an organism.
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| HEREDITY | Transfer of genetic information from parent to offspring.
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| DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) | Contains information that forms the hereditary material of all cells.
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| CHROMOSOME | Single, highly organized and structured piece of DNA.
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| GENES | Basic physical and functional unit of heredity made up of DNA.
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| GENOTYPE | Exact genetic information carried by a single individual.
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| PHENOTYPE | Physical appearance of an organism.
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| DOMINANT | Allele that is always expressed.
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| RECESSIVE | Allele that is only expressed if there is no different allele present.
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| TRAIT | Characteristic of an organism; can be genetic or acquired.
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| ALLELE | Different versions of a gene.
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| HOMOZYGOUS | Having two identical alleles for a particular trait.
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| HETEROZYGOUS | Having 2 different alleles for a particular trait.
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| NUCLEUS | Membrane-bound structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the DNA.
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| GENETICS | The scientific study of heredity.
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| ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION | Reproductive process that involves 1 parent & produces uniform offspring identical to the parent.
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| SEXUAL REPRODUCTION | Reproductive process involving 2 parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new diverse organism different from themselves.
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| BINARY FISSION | Type of asexual reproduction in which 1 cell divides to form 2 identical cells, such as occurs in prokaryotic cells.
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| BUDDING | Type of asexual reproduction in which an offspring grows out of the parent organism.
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| VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION | Type of asexual reproduction by which 1 plant produces new plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
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| OFFSPRING | Product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents.
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| UNIFORM | The same all the way through; consistent.
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| DIVERSE | Different; varied.
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| REPRODUCTION | The production of offspring.
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| FORCE | Push or pull that can change the motion of an object.
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| MOTION | Change in an object's position with respect to time & in comparison to the position of other objects used as reference points.
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| GERMINATION | Process by which a plant grows from a seed, a.k.a. seedling emergence.
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| VACUOLE | Organelle in cell cytoplasm; functions to store water, nutrients, & wastes; 1 large central unit in plant cells, several small units in animal cells.
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| TURGOR PRESSURE | Force of water molecules against the cell wall that allows plants to stand up straight; "turg = swollen."
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| TROPISM | Turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus, e.g. gravity, light, water, touch, heat, etc.
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| PHOTOTROPISM | Orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either toward or away from the source of light; "photo = light."
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| HYDROTROPISM | Growth or turning of plant roots toward or away from moisture; "hydro = water."
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| GEOTROPISM/ GRAVITROPISM | Plant’s growth in response to the force exerted upon it by gravity; "geo = earth" & "gravi = gravity."
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| WILT | Become limp or droopy due to heat, loss of water, or disease.
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| TURGID | State of plant cells when their vacuoles are filled with water, causing the plant leaves to stand upright; "turg = swollen."
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| STOMATA | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water can move.
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| PHLOEM | The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants.
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| XYLEM | The vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant.
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| EMERGENCE | Process of coming into view or becoming exposed after being concealed.
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| THIGMOTROPISM | A growth response to touch.
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| FLACCID | Limp, not firm; lacking vigor or effectiveness.
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| PHOTO = Light; GEO = Earth; GRAVI = Heavy; HYDRO = Water; THIGMO = Touch | Prefixes for types of tropisms.
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