APUSH Review #7
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| show | A war between the allies (Russia, France, the British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918 | First war that involved the entire world
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| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria and Hungary formed an alliance for protection from the Triple Entente | show 🗑
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| Triple Entente | Britain, France and Russia all had economic and territorial ambitions and they all disliked Germany, so they formed an alliance for protection | show 🗑
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| Trench Warfare | A type of combat in which the enemies fight from a system of trenches | show 🗑
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| U- Boats | show | Led to German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare
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| show | May 7, 1915, British passenger ships were regularly sunk by German subs, the Lusitania had Americans aboard and brought the U.S. into the war and eventually sunk | Germany promised to stop submarine warfare
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| Election of 1916 | show | Promised to keep the peace
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| Zimmerman telegram | Telegram sent to the German ambassador from the German minister suggesting an alliance between Mexico and Germany | show 🗑
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| show | Military general who led his 11 thousand-man troops into Mexico to chase Villa | A year passed and the general didn’t find Villa. Carranza forced war on the bandits and put through a liberal constitution
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| show | All men between the ages of 21-30 (later 18-45) had to register for the service | By the time the lottery came around 24 million men were registered only 2 million Americans crossed the Atlantic and about 1.4 saw combat
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| show | He led the Food Administration and started many programs to streamline food production and distribution. | Raised crop production while he reduced civilian use like “meatless Tuesdays”
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| Great Migration | show | African Americans living in the north had rippled from the 1910 levels
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| George Creel | show | Mobilized public opinions
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| show | Effectively outlawed criticism of government leaders and war policies | These laws led to more than 1500 prosecutions 1000 convictions
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| show | Circulated a flyer to drafted men. The flyer cited the 13 amendments provision against “involuntary servitude” | Charged with conspiracy recently drafted soldiers to petition
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| October Revolution | The Russian government succumbed to a revolution, which promised the Russian people, “Peace, land, and Bread” | show 🗑
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| show | Series of battles that took place in 1918 during WWI | Second Battle of Marne was the turning point. The allied morale was decreased
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| show | American troops retook Cantiguy and held it. A marine brigade blocked the Germany Belleau Wood. | It had little military significance, their effort and allied morale was great
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| show | Employed American divisions in a drive toward the rail center at Sedan | - It supplied the entire German front. The largest American action of the war, it cost 117,000 American casualties, including 26,000 dead.
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| show | Nickname of the Russian Communists | The Bolsheviks were able to obtain their power, defeat the “whites”, and withdraw from the WWI. The Russians therefore they didn’t participate in the peace settlements
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| Fourteen Points | Wilson’s ideas that he wanted included in the WWI peace treaty | show 🗑
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| Paris Peace Conference | show | Hoped to end the war
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| show | Devised by President Wilson, it reflected the power of large countries. | Would provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war.
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| show | The Palace of Versailles was the site of the signing of the peace treaty that ended WWI on June 28, 1919. | Created the League of Nations
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| Henry Cabot Lodge | show | Was successful in convincing the Senate to reject the treaty
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| show | During postwar life many Americans came down with the flu | More people died of the flu than in the war (22 million world wide and 500,000+ were Americans)
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| Red Scare | In 1919, the Communist Party was gaining strength in the U.S. | show 🗑
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| show | An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840’s and 1850’s and again after WWI. | Limited immigration
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| Sacco and Vanzetti | show | Demonstrates the fear Americans had for immigrants
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| Ku Klux Klan | show | It experienced phenomenal growth in the 1920's, especially in the Midwest and Ohio Valley states. Its peak membership came in 1924 at 3 million members, but its reputation for violence led to rapid decline by 1929
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| Fundamentalism | Protestant movement grounded in a liberal in interpretation of the Bible | show 🗑
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| show | Prosecution of Dayton John Scopes for violation of the Butler Act. | evolution vs. Creation
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| show | prosecuted the case “Monkey Trial” | Scopes was convicted and fined $100
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| show | Defended Scopes in the “Monkey Trial” | Scopes was convicted and fined $100
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| Prohibition | show | generated disrespect for the law but had other harmful effects
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| show | group of women who advocated total abstinence from alcohol | Influenced government to ban alcohol during the1920s
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| Eighteenth Amendment | show | The first bootleggers came about
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| Al Capone | An Italian crime boss in Chicago | show 🗑
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| Jazz Age | African and European musical tradition blended together | show 🗑
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| The Jazz Singer | show | Films became more popular
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| Flappers | A fashion rebellion against prudishness | show 🗑
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| show | A famous writer whose works include The Great Gatsby | Showed life in the 1920’s
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| Nineteenth Amendment | show | Women were allowed to vote
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| show | Blacks showed a cultural expression in literary and artistic movement | Harlem was a center for blacks
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| Marcus Garvey | Black leader who advocated “black nationalism” | show 🗑
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| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | show 🗑
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| show | German physicist | Made other scientists research the unknown including the atom
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| Werner Heisenberg | Pioneering German physicist | show 🗑
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| Ezra Pound | show | New form of poetry was introduced
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| show | Poet in America during WWI; born in St. Louis | In 1948 Eliot received the Nobel Prize for literature during a fellowship stay at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study
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| show | Wrote Farewell to Arms | Influenced the development of twentieth century fiction
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| William Faulkner | show | A triumph of modern style
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| show | Republican, Warren G. Harding ran against democrat James Cox | This was the first election in which all women were allowed to vote
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| show | 29th president of the U.S. | Only served 27 months into his term of presidency before dying of pneumonia
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| show | A wealthy banker | helped organize Union Trust Company and Union Savings Bank of Pittsburgh
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| show | Albert Fall illegally leased oil to Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny | Fall received gifts from the oilmen totaling about $404,000
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| Ohio Gang | show | Committed scandals like the Teapot Dome scandal
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| show | Coolidge ran against Davis | Coolidge won the election
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| Calvin Coolidge | show | became the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech
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| Babbit | show | Showed the power of conformity
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| show | A radio commison that regulated industry | Made radio popular
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| Wright brothers | Made first airplane | show 🗑
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| show | Ford’s first car | Pioneered the assembly line
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| Yellow Dog contract | show | prevented an employee from working for other employers in the same industry
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| show | Hoover vs. Smith | Herbert Hoover won
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| Herbert Hoover | 30th president of the U.S. | show 🗑
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| Stock Market Crash of 1929 | Much debt, stock prices spiraling up, over-production and under-consuming - the stock market crashed. Germany's default on reparations caused European bank failures, which spread to the U.S | show 🗑
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| show | Millions were out of work | Hoover and Roosevelt took different approaches to handle the depression
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| show | Shacks of tarpaper and iron along city dumps and railroad tracks. | Caused Hoover not to win re-election
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| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | Created in 1932 to make loans to banks, insurance companies, and railroads, it was intended to provide emergency funds to help businesses overcome the effects of the Depression | show 🗑
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| Bonus Expeditionary Force | show | Angry veterans marched on Washington, D.C., and Hoover called in the army to get the veterans out of there.
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