gastrointestinal and urologic emergencies
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| Acute Abdomen | sudden onset of pain in abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis
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| Appendicitis | inflammation of appendix
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| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder
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| Cystitis | inflammation of the bladder
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| Diverticulititis | inflammation of the small pockets at weak areas in muscle walls
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| Emesis | vomiting
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| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | condition in which sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allow stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, resulting in acid reflux
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| Gaurding | involuntary muscle contractions or abdominal wall, protect inflamed abdomen
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| Hematemesis | vomiting blood (Stomach bleed)
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| Hernia | perfusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening
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| Ileus | paralysis of bowel movements
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| Kidney Stones | solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from excess of insoluble salts or uric acids crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract
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| Melena | black foul smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood
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| Pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| Peritoneum | membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covering the organs (visceral paritoneum)
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| Peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum
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| Referred Pain | pain felt in area of the body other than the area where cause of pain is located
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| Strangulation | complete obstruction of blood circulation in given organ as result of compression or entrapment: in emergency situation causing death of tissues
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| Uremia | severe kidney failure resulting in build up of waste products within the blood; eventually brain functions impaired
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| Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) | infection of lower urinary tract when flora bacteria enter urethra
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