Physiology and Pharmacology
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| Agonist | show 🗑
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| show | Direct - noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline - act directly on receptor
Indirect - tyramine, ephedrine and amphetamine - increase release of transmitter
Sympathetic denervation blocks their effects
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| show | Same conc, same compound, same animal - can give different effects
Adrenaline increases BP in contracting vascular smooth muscle
Adrenaline and ergot decreases BP by relaxing smooth muscle
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| Potency order - Ahlquist | show 🗑
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| show | Heart - alpha 1
Blood vessels - Alpha 1 and 2 and Beta 2
Bronchi - Alpha 1 and Beta 2
GIT - Alpha 1 and Beta 1
Liver - Alpha 1 and Beta 2
Eye - Alpha 1
Skeletal muscle - Beta 2 and 3
Adipose tissue - Beta 3
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| show | Isoprenaline binds solely to beta receptors
Causes a decrease in resistance due to vasodilation
Increase in heart rate due to baroreceptor reflex
Overall decrease in BP
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| Non-selective adrenoreceptor agonists | show 🗑
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| Selective alpha 1 agonists | show 🗑
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| show | Clonidine - anti hypertensive, central and peripheral actions
Xylazine - sedative effects via CNS
Presynaptic to decrease transmitter release, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction
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| Selective beta 1 agonists | show 🗑
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| Selective beta 2 agonists | show 🗑
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| show | First discovered were ergot alkaloids by Dale - ergot poisoning
Includes histamine, ACh, tyramine
Derivatives of lysergic acid - ergotamine and ergometrine
Partial alpha agonist as well as antagonist - stimulate then block
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| show | Phentolamine - non-selective, associated with raised heart rate as it blocks alpha 2 feedback
Prazosin - selective alpha 1 used as an antihypertensive
Phenoxybenzamine - irreversible non-selective used to prevent swings in BP and heart rate in surgery
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| show | Postural Hypotension
Blocking alpha receptors removes the reflex that prevents blood pooling in the legs
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| Beta antagonists | show 🗑
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