Biochem and medical genetics
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| Mitochondrial structure | show 🗑
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| show | ETC
TCA cycle
PDH
B oxidation
Ketone body metabolism
Urea cycle
Not all present in all mitochondria - tissue specific
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| show | Couples two main processes
1 - generation of a proton gradients by oxidising H carriers, transporting electrons, consuming oxygen and producing water
2 - ATP synthesis using proton gradient to phosphorylate ADP
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| Chemiosmotic theory - Mitchell | show 🗑
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| show | 4 large complexes - each with many proteins
Complex 1 - 4
Linked by 2 small mobile electron carriers
Ubiquinone - Complex 1 and 2 to 3
Cytochrome C - Complex 3-4
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| show | Oxidation/reduction reactions with increasing redox potential to pass electrons from NADH/FADH2 to O2
A way of facilitating single and double electron transfer
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| Types of groups used in electron transfer | show 🗑
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| Complex 1 | show 🗑
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| Structure of Complex 1 | show 🗑
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| Complex 2 | show 🗑
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| Ubiquinone | show 🗑
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| show | Uses Q as a substrate - produces 2 cytochrome C
Needs to accepts 2 electrons at once but release them one at a time without leaving electrons in the matrix unbound
contains 3 cytochromes, Rieske protein
Performs Q cycle
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| Q cycle | show 🗑
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| Proton movement at complex 3 | show 🗑
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| show | Transports 1 electron from complex 3 to 4
Water soluble, so resides at the periphery of membrane closer io intermembrane space
Contain haem prosthetic group
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| Complex 4 | show 🗑
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| show | 2 cytochrome C arrive - 1 electron to CuB and other to Haem a3
O2 forms peroxide bridge between them
Another 2 cyt C arrive - each donate an electron to the bridge
Addition of 2 protons forms OH groups
More protons form H2O
The products are halved
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| Structure of phosphorylation apparatus | show 🗑
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| Phosphorylation | show 🗑
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| ATP synthase | show 🗑
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| show | Protons enter through subunit a
Binds to aspartate residues in c subunit which neutralises the amino acids charge causing it to rotate
This drives rotation of y subunit
Linked to F1 portion
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| F1 subunit | show 🗑
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| show | Turned AT synthase upside down and attached to a membrane
Attached actin filament to y subunit
Cam visualise movement when proton gradient generated
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| show | Use the proton gradient as well
Make the inside more positive by discharging electrochemical gradient
Take protons from ATP synthase
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| show | Mitochondria alone and mitochondria with substrate consume little oxygen
Mitochondria only consume oxygen when stimulated by ADP which drives oxphos
Mitochondria stop consuming oxygen what all ADP is phosphorylated
Chemical inhibitors at any point
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| Thermogenesis | show 🗑
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| Dinitrophenol | show 🗑
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| AMP | show 🗑
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