Endocrine System/Endocrinology
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| insulin | hormone that is released when the blood sugar level is high
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| growth hormone (GH) | signals the body tissues, bone, and muscles to grow
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| glands | secrete hormones
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| aden/o | gland
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| adenoma | tumor of the gland
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| adenopathy | disease of the gland
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| adren/o | adrenal gland
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| adrenarche | onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
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| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland
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| cortic/o | outer surface (cortex)
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| corticotropic | cortex stimulating
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| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland
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| gonad/o | gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males)
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| gonadopathy | disease of the gonads
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| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gonads
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| pancreatolith | stone in the pancrease
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| pituitar/o, hypophys/o | pituitary gland
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| hyperpituitarism | overactive pituitary gland function
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| hypophysis | inflammation of the pituitary gland
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| thym/o | thymus gland
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| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid
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| thyrotoxin | substance that is poisonous to the thyroid gland
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| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid gland
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| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | sugar
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| glucorticoid | steroid with a glucose attached
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| glucosuria | sugar in the urine
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| hypoglycemia | condition of low sugar in the blood
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| crin/o | to secrete
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| endocrine/exocine | secrete WITHIN/OUTSIDE the blood
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates outer pare of the adrenal gland
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| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (increase body's metabolic rate)
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| luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulate the gonads
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| hyperthyroidism | oversecretion T3,T4 into the blood -increases the body's metabolic rate, causing INCREASED weight loss, increased hunger, diarrhea, and nervousness
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| hypothyroidism | undersecretion T3, T4 into the blood-dcreased energy, appetite, and constipation
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| calcitonin | secreted when there is a high level of calcium in the blood
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| pancreas | both exocrine and ENDOCRINE function-secretes hormones into the blood to maintain normal blood sugar levels
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| glucagon | secreted with low blood sugar levels
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| medulla | secretes epinephrine (adrenaline)
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| epinephrine (adrenaline) | "fight or flight"
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| mineralcorticoids | maintain mineral balance (such as sodium)
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| glucocorticoids | help increase glucose release in the blood (helps with chronic stress and repair)
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| testosterone (males)/estrogen (females) | secreted by the gonads
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| euglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia | normal, higher, lower blood sugar levels
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| glucosuria | sugar in the urine
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| ketonuria | condition of ketones in the urine (sign of body using fat as primary source of energy-can indicate starvation)
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| hormon/o | hormone
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| hormonopoesis | stimulation of hormone production
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| ket/o | ketone body
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| ketosis/ketogenic | condition of producing ketones/originate from ketones
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| -tropin | stimulating hormone
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| thyrotropin | stimulates the thyroid gland
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| gonadotropin | stimulates the gonads (ovaries/testes)
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| -emia | blood
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| -uria | urine
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| polyuria | excessive urine production
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| adenalgia | pain in a gland
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| adrenarche | onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
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| hirsutism | excessive growth of facial and body hair in women
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| amenorreha | lack of menstruation
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| gynecomastia | breast development in males
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| hypergonadsim/hypogonadism | oversecretion/undersecretion of sex glands
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| menarche | beginning of menstruation (1st menstruation)
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| thelarche | onset of breast developement
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| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyphagia | excessive eating
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| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of extremities (occurs after puberty)
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| galactorrhea | discharge of milk
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| pituitary dwarfism/pituitary gigantism | abnormally SHORT height due to undersecretion of growth hormone, abnormally TALL due to oversecretion of growth hormome
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| exophthlamos | protrusion of the eye out of the eye socket
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| thyrocele,goiter | swollen thyroid gland
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| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid
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| thyroptosis | drooping of the thyroid gland
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| chloremia | elevated blood levels of chloride
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| acidemia/alkalemia | abnormal acidity/alkalinity of blood
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| hyperlipidemia | elevated fat in the blood
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| euthyroid | normal thyroid function
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| glycolysis | breakdown of sugar
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| glycopenia | deficiency of sugar
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| metabolism | breakdown of matter into energy
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| endocrinologist | specialist in internal secretions
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| adenosis | condition of a gland
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| adenopathy | disease of a gland
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| adenoma | tumor of a gland
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| polyadenopathy | disease of many glands
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| thymoma | tumor of the thymus
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| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland
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| pancreatic pseudocyst | abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst
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| insulinoma | tumor that secretes insulin
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| diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
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| panhypopituitarism | defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
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| pituitary infarction/pituitary adenoma | death of the pituitary gland, tumor on the pituitary gland
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| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland via laparoscopic surgery
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| continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin
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| thyroidotomy | incision into the thyroid gland
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| thyroidotoxin | substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
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| pancreatolithectomy | removal of a stone formed in the pancreas
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| BS | blood sugar
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| CGM | continuous glucose monitor
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| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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| GTT | glucose tolerance test
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| FBS | fasting blood sugar
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| TFT | thyroid function test
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| DI/DM | diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus
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| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus
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| HRT | hormone replacement therapy
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