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Med Term Chpt 7
Endocrine System/Endocrinology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| insulin | hormone that is released when the blood sugar level is high |
| growth hormone (GH) | signals the body tissues, bone, and muscles to grow |
| glands | secrete hormones |
| aden/o | gland |
| adenoma | tumor of the gland |
| adenopathy | disease of the gland |
| adren/o | adrenal gland |
| adrenarche | onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| cortic/o | outer surface (cortex) |
| corticotropic | cortex stimulating |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| gonad/o | gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males) |
| gonadopathy | disease of the gonads |
| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gonads |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancrease |
| pituitar/o, hypophys/o | pituitary gland |
| hyperpituitarism | overactive pituitary gland function |
| hypophysis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid |
| thyrotoxin | substance that is poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid gland |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | sugar |
| glucorticoid | steroid with a glucose attached |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hypoglycemia | condition of low sugar in the blood |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| endocrine/exocine | secrete WITHIN/OUTSIDE the blood |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates outer pare of the adrenal gland |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (increase body's metabolic rate) |
| luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulate the gonads |
| hyperthyroidism | oversecretion T3,T4 into the blood -increases the body's metabolic rate, causing INCREASED weight loss, increased hunger, diarrhea, and nervousness |
| hypothyroidism | undersecretion T3, T4 into the blood-dcreased energy, appetite, and constipation |
| calcitonin | secreted when there is a high level of calcium in the blood |
| pancreas | both exocrine and ENDOCRINE function-secretes hormones into the blood to maintain normal blood sugar levels |
| glucagon | secreted with low blood sugar levels |
| medulla | secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) |
| epinephrine (adrenaline) | "fight or flight" |
| mineralcorticoids | maintain mineral balance (such as sodium) |
| glucocorticoids | help increase glucose release in the blood (helps with chronic stress and repair) |
| testosterone (males)/estrogen (females) | secreted by the gonads |
| euglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia | normal, higher, lower blood sugar levels |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| ketonuria | condition of ketones in the urine (sign of body using fat as primary source of energy-can indicate starvation) |
| hormon/o | hormone |
| hormonopoesis | stimulation of hormone production |
| ket/o | ketone body |
| ketosis/ketogenic | condition of producing ketones/originate from ketones |
| -tropin | stimulating hormone |
| thyrotropin | stimulates the thyroid gland |
| gonadotropin | stimulates the gonads (ovaries/testes) |
| -emia | blood |
| -uria | urine |
| polyuria | excessive urine production |
| adenalgia | pain in a gland |
| adrenarche | onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of facial and body hair in women |
| amenorreha | lack of menstruation |
| gynecomastia | breast development in males |
| hypergonadsim/hypogonadism | oversecretion/undersecretion of sex glands |
| menarche | beginning of menstruation (1st menstruation) |
| thelarche | onset of breast developement |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of extremities (occurs after puberty) |
| galactorrhea | discharge of milk |
| pituitary dwarfism/pituitary gigantism | abnormally SHORT height due to undersecretion of growth hormone, abnormally TALL due to oversecretion of growth hormome |
| exophthlamos | protrusion of the eye out of the eye socket |
| thyrocele,goiter | swollen thyroid gland |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid |
| thyroptosis | drooping of the thyroid gland |
| chloremia | elevated blood levels of chloride |
| acidemia/alkalemia | abnormal acidity/alkalinity of blood |
| hyperlipidemia | elevated fat in the blood |
| euthyroid | normal thyroid function |
| glycolysis | breakdown of sugar |
| glycopenia | deficiency of sugar |
| metabolism | breakdown of matter into energy |
| endocrinologist | specialist in internal secretions |
| adenosis | condition of a gland |
| adenopathy | disease of a gland |
| adenoma | tumor of a gland |
| polyadenopathy | disease of many glands |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| pancreatic pseudocyst | abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst |
| insulinoma | tumor that secretes insulin |
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia |
| panhypopituitarism | defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland |
| pituitary infarction/pituitary adenoma | death of the pituitary gland, tumor on the pituitary gland |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland via laparoscopic surgery |
| continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin |
| thyroidotomy | incision into the thyroid gland |
| thyroidotoxin | substance poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| pancreatolithectomy | removal of a stone formed in the pancreas |
| BS | blood sugar |
| CGM | continuous glucose monitor |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| DI/DM | diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus |
| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
Created by:
cynmur1110
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