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Stage 1 Biology S2

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Term
Definition
non infectious diseases   show
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show carcinogens, radiation, faulty genes, organ and tissue degeneration, sensitivity to the environment  
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show disease causing agents  
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show chemicals that disrupt normal cell functions  
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physical barriers   show
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vector   show
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vector example   show
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show an adaptation used by many microbes  
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altering host organism behaviour   show
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show new strains of bacteria that are resistant to all known antibiotics  
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infectious disease   show
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show unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that reproduce by binary fission  
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show lyme disease, tuberculosis, leprosy, salmonella  
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fungi   show
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show athletes foot and ringworm  
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show heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from their host  
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pathogenic protsists examples   show
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virus   show
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virus examples   show
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parasites   show
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show tape worm, hookworm, lice, fleas  
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prions   show
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show Mad cow disease  
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show droplets, direct contact, faeces, contaminated foods, animals, body fluids  
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show physical barriers and traps that resist and prevent entry of pathogens  
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second line of defence   show
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third line of defence   show
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skin   show
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show brought about by either mechanical or chemical stimuli  
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mechanical protection   show
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chemical protection   show
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earwax   show
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mucus   show
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show The cells lining the stomach secrete acid giving the stomach environment a very low pH  
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non self molecules   show
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self molecules   show
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show white blood cells recognise and bind to the surface of bacteria and engulf and destroy them  
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show neutrophils and macrophages  
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show provides protection against cells infected with virus particles or changed by cancer  
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the complement system   show
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interferons   show
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the inflammatory response   show
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plant physcial barriers   show
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show a network of vessels, nodes, and ducts that collect and circulate excess fluid in the body  
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Major Histo-compatability Complex   show
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lymphocytes   show
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B cell location   show
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show mature in the thymus gland  
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show release chemicals, cytokines, that alert other cells to the presence of pathogens  
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show white blood cells that release a specific antibody which is a protein molecule that can bind to one specific antigen and neutralise it  
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plasma cells   show
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show remain behind in the case of a second exposure to the anitgen or pathogen  
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T cell function   show
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show killer, helper and memory T cells  
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killer T cells   show
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helper T cells   show
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show this memory bank of cells is partly responsible for the quicker and larger response when an individual is exposed to the antigen for a second time  
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show maternal antibodies through the placenta and breastmilk  
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show phagocytes are the body's first line of defense, lymphocytes are more specialized in the immune response  
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artificial passive immunity   show
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natural active immunity   show
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show antigens from vaccination  
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cytotoxic T cell   show
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show a worldwide spread of a pathogen  
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show a spread of a pathogen in a certain region over a certain period of time  
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