Infectious Diseases Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| non infectious diseases | a disease that cannot be transmitted from one organism to another |
| causes for non infectious diseases | carcinogens, radiation, faulty genes, organ and tissue degeneration, sensitivity to the environment |
| pathogens | disease causing agents |
| toxins | chemicals that disrupt normal cell functions |
| physical barriers | respiratory surfaces, wounds digestive system, reproductive organs |
| vector | a carrier of a disease causing agent |
| vector example | mosquitoes, fleas, bats, flies |
| producing toxins | an adaptation used by many microbes |
| altering host organism behaviour | aiding in the spread of disease by making hosts cough, sneeze or have diarrhea |
| superbugs | new strains of bacteria that are resistant to all known antibiotics |
| infectious disease | a disease that is transmitted from one organism to another |
| bacteria | unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that reproduce by binary fission |
| bacteria examples | lyme disease, tuberculosis, leprosy, salmonella |
| fungi | heterotrophs that grow by feeding on organic matter and reproduce by forming spores |
| fungi examples | athletes foot and ringworm |
| pathogenic protists | heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from their host |
| pathogenic protsists examples | malaria and giardia |
| virus | requires another organisms cells to reproduce by injecting its own DNA and replicating it inside the cell |
| virus examples | COVID, HIV and influenza |
| parasites | live inside hosts, feeding on its hosts food in the intestines. |
| parasite examples | tape worm, hookworm, lice, fleas |
| prions | infectious agents that convert normal proteins into abnormally chaped proteins, causing infectious brain leisions |
| prion example | Mad cow disease |
| disease transmission | droplets, direct contact, faeces, contaminated foods, animals, body fluids |
| first line of defence | physical barriers and traps that resist and prevent entry of pathogens |
| second line of defence | non specific actions and responses |
| third line of defence | adaptive immune response |
| skin | provides a barrier, repels water, platets form scabs |
| coughing and sneezing reflexis | brought about by either mechanical or chemical stimuli |
| mechanical protection | blinking, the cornea, tears all making it harder for pathogens to enter |
| chemical protection | the cells in the eye secrete a range of chemicals that possess antimicrobial properties |
| earwax | a mixture of a range of chemicals that are antimicrobial |
| mucus | a slippery secretion found on the surface of many body organs and systems |
| stomach acid | The cells lining the stomach secrete acid giving the stomach environment a very low pH |
| non self molecules | foreign molecules |
| self molecules | the bodys own molecules |
| phagocytes | white blood cells recognise and bind to the surface of bacteria and engulf and destroy them |
| 2 types of phagocytes | neutrophils and macrophages |
| natural killer cells | provides protection against cells infected with virus particles or changed by cancer |
| the complement system | a group of around 30 proteins that are secreted by a range of cells in the body |
| interferons | chemicals that can be secreted by cells that limit the spread and multiplication of viruses |
| the inflammatory response | swelling, redness, pain, and heat at wound sites, triggered by physical injury or pathogen entry |
| plant physcial barriers | waxy cuticles, bark, hair like sturctures |
| the lymphatic system | a network of vessels, nodes, and ducts that collect and circulate excess fluid in the body |
| Major Histo-compatability Complex | a set of protein markers found on the surface of cells |
| lymphocytes | types of white blood cells called B and T cells |
| B cell location | white blood cells that are made and mature in the bone marrow |
| T cell location | mature in the thymus gland |
| macrophages | release chemicals, cytokines, that alert other cells to the presence of pathogens |
| B cell function | white blood cells that release a specific antibody which is a protein molecule that can bind to one specific antigen and neutralise it |
| plasma cells | release antibodies |
| memory cells | remain behind in the case of a second exposure to the anitgen or pathogen |
| T cell function | bind to antigen fragments and T cell receptors on the cell membrane |
| types of T cells | killer, helper and memory T cells |
| killer T cells | identify infected cells and secrete chemicals that destroy them |
| helper T cells | become activated and increase in number (clone) the types of T cells that respond to the specific antigen type |
| memory T cells | this memory bank of cells is partly responsible for the quicker and larger response when an individual is exposed to the antigen for a second time |
| natural passive immunity | maternal antibodies through the placenta and breastmilk |
| phagocytes vs lymphocytes | phagocytes are the body's first line of defense, lymphocytes are more specialized in the immune response |
| artificial passive immunity | an infusion of antibodies |
| natural active immunity | antigens from the exposure to a pathogen |
| artificial active immunity | antigens from vaccination |
| cytotoxic T cell | another name for killer T cells |
| pandemic | a worldwide spread of a pathogen |
| epidemic | a spread of a pathogen in a certain region over a certain period of time |
Created by:
justineforrest
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