psy research methods
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| show | an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved
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| show | describes behavior so that it is observable and measurable
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| What does it mean if a finding is statistically significant? | show 🗑
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| show | detailed study of a specific subject, like a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. advantages: in-depth analysis, ability to study complex phenomena. disadvantages: limited generalizability, potential bias.
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| show | method involves observing subjects in natural environment. advantages: flexibility, external validity, suitability for topics unfeasible in lab. disadvantages: lack of scientific control, ethical concerns, potential bias from observers & subjects.
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| Survey | show 🗑
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| show | manipulating one variable to determine if this causes changes in another variable. Advantages include experiments that can be replicated and their reliability can be tested. Disadvantages include people may behave differently in the experimental setting
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| Single subject design | show 🗑
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| show | in clinical trials, neither the participants nor the researcher knows the treatment assigned. This helps eliminate bias and produce reliable results, but can lead to unblinding and cost challenges.
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| Quasi-experimental method | show 🗑
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| show | natural experiments are conducted in natural conditions. Advantages: natural behavior, lack of demand characteristics. Disadvantages: no control over confounding variables, lack of objectivity in measuring abstract terms.
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| show | an experiment that uses a carefully controlled setting. advantages include high internal validity, standardized procedures and the ability to draw causal conclusions. disadvantages include low ecological validity and demand characteristics.
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| show | survey, case studies, and naturalistic observation
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| How is a natural experiment different from naturalistic observation? | show 🗑
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| show | experimental method
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| show | a statistical technique that is used to measure and describe a relationship between two variables
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| show | when one variable increases, the other variable also increases,
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| Negative correlation | show 🗑
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| Which British primatologist conducted one of the longest naturalistic observational studies on primate behavior in the wild? | show 🗑
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| show | are individuals with distinct personalities, form strong and loving bonds, grieve the death of a family member, use and make tools, embrace, tickle one another, shake their fists in anger, pat each other on the back
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| What research method did biologist Alfred Kinsey use to collect sex data on American adults in the 1940s and 1950s? | show 🗑
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| Independent variable | show 🗑
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| Dependent variable | show 🗑
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| Confounding (control) | show 🗑
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| show | independent variable
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| Why is it important to manipulate only one variable at a time? | show 🗑
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| show | a sampling method that allows for the randomization of sample selection
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| Why is random assignment to subject groups so important? | show 🗑
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| show | An experimental group, also known as a treatment group, receives the treatment whose effect researchers wish to study, whereas a control group does not
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| Why is it necessary to have a control group? | show 🗑
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| Experimenter bias | show 🗑
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| show | cues that might indicate the study aims to participants
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| Placebo | show 🗑
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| The placebo effect | show 🗑
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| Why is a placebo used? | show 🗑
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| Which research method effectively controls these confounding variables? | show 🗑
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| show | record the natural history of syphilis in Black people
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| When was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study conducted? | show 🗑
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| show | examine the effects of untreated syphilis
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| What specific ethical violations were committed in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study? | show 🗑
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| show | 40 years
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| show | October 1972
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| Why was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study eventually terminated? | show 🗑
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| What were the Nazi Medical War Crimes? | show 🗑
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| When did the nazi medical war crimes occur? | show 🗑
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| What was the purpose of the Nuremberg trials? | show 🗑
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| show | a set of research ethics principles for human experimentation set in 1947 as a result of the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals at the end of WWII
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| show | 1953
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| show | examined people's willingness to obey authority
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| What were Stanley Milgram's findings? | show 🗑
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| show | the presence of authority figures, group dynamics, social norms, and situational ambiguity.
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| What was the dependent variable in Stanley Milgram's research? | show 🗑
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| show | involved significant deception of participants causing extreme mental problems by making them believe they were harming and shocking another person while exploring the power of authority
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| What did the Solomon Asch group conformity studies show? | show 🗑
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| show | a 6 day simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants reactions and behavior
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| show | examine the psychological effects of authority and powerlessness in a prison environment
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| show | Quasi-experimental design
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| show | 6 days
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| Who were the subjects and how were they recruited for the Stanford Prison Experiment? | show 🗑
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| show | Some guards became cruel while many prisoners became depressed and disoriented
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| show | august 1971, it was getting out of control by degrading actions being perpetrated by the guards
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| Debriefing (dehoaxing) | show 🗑
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| show | a process that reduces a person's emotional response to a stimulus after repeated exposure
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| What is meant by informed consent? | show 🗑
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| show | a committee that reviews research proposals involving human subjects to ensure that the research is conducted ethically
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| show | protect the rights snd welfare of human subjects involved in research studies
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| What are the APA ethical principles researchers must abide by when conducting research on human subjects? | show 🗑
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| The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is required to have which two individuals on the committee are not affiliated with the research institution? | show 🗑
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| What is the purpose of IACUC? | show 🗑
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| Which animals are most commonly used in psychological research? | show 🗑
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