Psychology Ch.3
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| cerebral cortex | outermost part of the forebrain, it's responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions
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| parietal lobe | upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception
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| temporal lobe | lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory
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| association cortex | regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions
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| basal ganglia | structures in the forebrain that help to control movement
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| thalamus | gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex
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| amygdala | part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal
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| midbrain | part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound
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| reticular activating system (RAS) | brain area that plays a key role in arousal
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| pons | part of brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum
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| medulla | part of brain stem involved in basic functions such as heartbeat and breathing
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| hormone | chemical released into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands
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| MRI | technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure
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| MEG | technique that measures brain activity by detecting tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain
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| lateralization | cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other
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| adrenal gland | tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal
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| Astrocyte | Glial cells that support neurons and maintain the blood-brain barrier.
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| Oligodendrocyte | Glial cells that create myelin in the central nervous system.
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| Blood-Brain Barrier | A barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood.
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| Glutamate | Main excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in learning and memory.
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| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and memory.
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| Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and the fight-or-flight response.
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| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter linked to reward, pleasure, and motor control.
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| Serotonin | Neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and appetite.
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| Anandamide | Neurotransmitter part of the endocannabinoid system, affecting mood and appetite.
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| Meninges | Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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| Gray Matter | Brain tissue containing cell bodies, involved in sensory and motor functions.
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| White Matter | Brain tissue consisting of myelinated axons that transmit signals.
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| Prefrontal Cortex | Region involved in decision-making, impulse control, and higher-level thinking.
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