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PRACICE CHAPTER 3
Psychology Ch.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cerebral cortex | outermost part of the forebrain, it's responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions |
| parietal lobe | upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception |
| temporal lobe | lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory |
| association cortex | regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions |
| basal ganglia | structures in the forebrain that help to control movement |
| thalamus | gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex |
| amygdala | part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal |
| midbrain | part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound |
| reticular activating system (RAS) | brain area that plays a key role in arousal |
| pons | part of brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum |
| medulla | part of brain stem involved in basic functions such as heartbeat and breathing |
| hormone | chemical released into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands |
| MRI | technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure |
| MEG | technique that measures brain activity by detecting tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain |
| lateralization | cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other |
| adrenal gland | tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal |
| Astrocyte | Glial cells that support neurons and maintain the blood-brain barrier. |
| Oligodendrocyte | Glial cells that create myelin in the central nervous system. |
| Blood-Brain Barrier | A barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood. |
| Glutamate | Main excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in learning and memory. |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and memory. |
| Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and the fight-or-flight response. |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter linked to reward, pleasure, and motor control. |
| Serotonin | Neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and appetite. |
| Anandamide | Neurotransmitter part of the endocannabinoid system, affecting mood and appetite. |
| Meninges | Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
| Gray Matter | Brain tissue containing cell bodies, involved in sensory and motor functions. |
| White Matter | Brain tissue consisting of myelinated axons that transmit signals. |
| Prefrontal Cortex | Region involved in decision-making, impulse control, and higher-level thinking. |
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