Hematology & Immunology Important Terms to Know
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| albumin | Plasma proteins too large to pass through the wall of a blood vessel. Most common protein in blood.
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| antigen | Any substance (as an immunogen) foreign to the body that evokes an immune response.
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| complement | A group of nine proteins that activate each other.
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| ecchymoses | Hemorrhages larger than petechiae.
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| embolus | A thrombus (blood clot) that has broken free and travels through the circulatory system.
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| histamine | A substance which dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow.
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| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | The most common type of lymphoma.
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| immune | Not susceptible or responsive.
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| index (plural: indices) | A ratio or other number derived from a series of observations and used as an indicator or measure
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| interferon | Immune response chemicals which stimulates production of an antiviral substance.
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| lymph | A clear, watery, sometimes faintly yellowish fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system, returning to the venous bloodstream through the thoracic duct.
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| mean | Something having a position, quality, or condition midway between extremes; a medium.
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| node | A discrete mass of one kind of tissue enclosed in tissue of a different kind.
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| nucleoside | Encapsulated structures that are round, oval or bean shaped.
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| pernicious | Highly injurious or destructive.
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| petechiae | small, pinpoint hemorrhages.
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| plasma | A clear straw-colored liquid that makes up 55% of the blood.
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| plasminogen | A cell fragment active in the blood clotting process.
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| platelet | (also thrombocyte) A minute, irregularly shaped, cytoplasmic body found in blood plasma that promotes blood clotting and has no definite nucleus, no DNA, and no hemoglobin.
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| purpura | Any of several hemorrhagic states characterized by patches of purplish discoloration resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin and mucous membranes.
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| serum | The fluid portion of plasma that remains when clotting factors in plasma form a blood clot.
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| spleen | A rounded lymphoid organ, located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
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| stasis | A slowing or stoppage of the normal flow of a bodily fluid or semifluid.
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| thalassemia | Inherited genetic abnormality that affects the synthesis of the globin in hemoglobin.
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| thrombus (pl. thrombi) | Blood clot
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| thymus | A lymphoid organ with a pink color and a grainy consistency.
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| transcriptase | A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template in the process of transcription.
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| vaccine | A preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular disease.
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| Hematopoiesis | Blood cell production process. Usually occurs in the red marrow of long bones and flat bones. Each cell or cell fragment begins in the marrow as a very immature stem cell.
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| Leukocytes (WBCs) | Five types of leukocytes, which are identified by granules and nucleus. Categorized by granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Granulocytes have granules in the cytoplasm and agranulocytes don't have granules.
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| Neutrophils | Most common: make up 54-62% of leukocytes
Granulocytes with many large granules that remain neutral when stained. Nucleus has many lobes and segments. Develop in red marrow, eventually become immature band or stab.
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| Eosinophils | Makes up 1-3% of leukocytes.
Granulocytes with many large granules. Granules stain pink when exposed to eosin. Nucleus has 2 lobes. Develop in red marrow from stem cells.
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| Basophil | Least common: makes up 0.5-1% of leukocytes. Granulocytes with many large granules. Granules stain blue when exposed to hematoxylin. Nucleus has more than one lobe. Develop from stem cells in red marrow.
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| Lymphocyte | Makes up 25-335% of leukocytes. Agranulocytes. Nucleus fills most of cell. Develop from lymphoblasts.
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| Monocytes | Make up 3-7% of leukocytes. Largest type of leukocytes, agranulocytes. Nucleus is large and shaped like a kidney bean. Develop in marrow from stem cells and mature in stages.
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| Thrombocytes (Platelets) (Thromb/o- = Blood clot) (-cyte = cell) |
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