patho
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| what are the 3 layers of the heart from outermost to innermost? | show 🗑
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| systole: | show 🗑
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| diastole: | show 🗑
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| what heart valves are open and closed during systole? | show 🗑
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| show | open: tricuspid and mitral valves
closed: aortic and pulmonary valves
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| show | pulmonary circuit
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| show | systemic circuit
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| show | coronary arteries
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| show | nicknamed "widowmaker", supplies the left ventricle, most commonly involved in MI
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| what is the pacemaker of the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | starts at the SA node then signal goes to AV node. AV node impulse is slightly delayed, allowing blood to fill ventricles. then the impulse moves through the bundle of HIs and then to the Purkinje fibers and they contract the ventricles
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| show | 60-100bpm
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| AV node impulse: | show 🗑
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| Purkinje fibers impulse: | show 🗑
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| show | AV node takes over
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| what are the 3 ions in the cardiac muscle action potential? | show 🗑
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| what happens during depolarization? | show 🗑
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| prolonged depolarization occurs when... | show 🗑
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| show | potassium exits the cell, and the impulse goes back to its resting potential (normal)
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| absolute refractory period: | show 🗑
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| what happens if cells are stimulated during the absolute refractory period? | show 🗑
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| list the 7 symptoms from decreased CO observed with dysrhythmias: | show 🗑
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| show | atrial depolarization; starts at SA node
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| QRS wave: | show 🗑
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| show | repolarization of ventricles
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| show | T waveform
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| show | -flattened T wave
-presence of U wave
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| show | the most common arrhythmia and can cause thrombus formation
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| list the 9 risk factors for angina or MI: | show 🗑
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| angina: | show 🗑
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| what are the 3 main causes of myocardial ischemia? | show 🗑
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| what is a coronary vasospasm? | show 🗑
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| show | reoccurring episodes of chest pain caused by physical or emotional stress; relieved by rest or vasodilators
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| show | pain at rest or with minimal movement; medical emergency as it could progress to an MI
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| vasospastic angina: | show 🗑
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| show | -Levine's sign
-crushing pain on the left side of chest that radiates to the shoulder, arm, jaw, or back
-pain doesn't change with positioning, breathing, or coughing
-diaphoresis
-nausea
-v+
-dyspnea
-pallor
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| show | -location: the bigger the artery, the more damage is going to occur
-length of time: takes the heart muscle around 30 mins to die
-collateral circulation: athletic people have more angiogenesis
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| NSTEMI: | show 🗑
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| show | ST depression and T-wave inversion
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| STEMI: | show 🗑
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| is NSTEMI or STEMI worse? why? | show 🗑
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| show | -enlarged Q wave
-ST elevation (inc in cardiac troponin)
-T-wave inversion
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| do you see an elevation cardiac troponin for unstable angina? | show 🗑
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| show | yes
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| what are the 2 diagnostics used together to confirm an MI? | show 🗑
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| what are the causes of endocarditis? (4) | show 🗑
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| what locations are infected in endocarditis? (2) | show 🗑
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| list the 4 symptoms for endocarditis: | show 🗑
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| what are the causes of myocarditis? (5) | show 🗑
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| what location is infected in myocarditis? | show 🗑
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| show | -chest pain
-palpitations
-fever
-myalgia
-arthralgia
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| what are the causes of pericarditis? (4) | show 🗑
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| show | -pericardium
-epicardium
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| show | -fever
-dyspnea
-pericardial friction rub (you can hear it from a stethoscope)
-chest pain
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| dressler's syndrome: | show 🗑
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| show | -fluid accumulation of 30-50mls in pericardial space
-caused by pericarditis (inflammation causes rush of WBCs and platelets and fluid to go there)
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| show | -complication of a pericardial effusion
-fluid accumulation is greater than 200mls
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| show | -low BP
-JVD
-muffled heart sounds
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| show | RVHF
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| show | -dizziness
-dyspnea
-pain in the back
-fatigue
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| a pt that was diagnosed with MI would have elevated levels of what? (2) | show 🗑
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Created by:
akgross
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