Cardiovascular System Part 1
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| The Cardiovascular system consists of: | show 🗑
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| Hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump; Generates force to transport respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes through body | show 🗑
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| show | Blood Vessels
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| show | Arteries
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| show | Veins
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| _______ transport blood between arteries and veins, and perform nutrient, gas, and waste exchange. | show 🗑
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| Two _____ _____ (______) are included in the Cardiovascular System. | show 🗑
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| The two closed circuits in the Cardiovascular System are: | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary
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| show | Systemic
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| Organization of the heart: _____ side pumps to pulmonary circuit, blood returns to left side. | show 🗑
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| Organization of the heart: ____ side pumps to the systemic circuit, blood returns to the right side | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Pericardium (Pericardial Sac)
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| Portions of the Pericardium: -Tough outer layer, surrounds double-layered serous membrane | show 🗑
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| show | Parietal Pericardium
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| Portions of Pericardium: -Inner layer of serous membrane; attached to surface of heart; also called the epicardium | show 🗑
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| Portions of Pericardium: -Space between visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium | show 🗑
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| Wall of Heart: -Outer layer -Thin -AKA Visceral Pericardium -Reduces friction | show 🗑
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| Wall of Heart: -Middle layer -Thickest Layer -Composed of cardiac muscle tissue | show 🗑
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| Wall of Heart: -Inner Layer -Thin -Forms inner lining of all heart chambers | show 🗑
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| show | Epicardium
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| show | Myocardium
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| show | Endocardium
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| show | 1. Atria (Atrium)
2. Auricles
3. Ventricles
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| show | Atria (Atrium)
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| Heart Chamber: 1. Flap like projections from Atria 2. Allow Atrial expansion | show 🗑
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| show | Ventricles
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| There are _ chambers of the heart. | show 🗑
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| 4 Chambers of Heart: -Receives blood returning from systemic circuit (from the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus) -Pumps blood into the right ventricle | show 🗑
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| show | Right Ventricule
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| show | Left Atrium
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| 4 Chambers of Heart: -Receives blood from the left atrium -Pumps blood to systemic circuit | show 🗑
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| show | Tricuspid Valve (Right atrioventricular valve)
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| show | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
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| show | Mitral (Bicupsid) Valve (Left Atrioventricular Valve)
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| show | Aortic Semilunar Valve
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| show | Tricuspid Valve
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| Valve: ____________ Location: Entrance to Pulmonary Trunk Function: Prevents blood from moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | Mitral Valve
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| show | Aortic Valve
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| Septum: -Separates left and right atria | show 🗑
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| show | Interventricular Septum
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| show | Superior and Inferior Venae Cava
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| Fibrous strings that attach cusps of tricuspid and mitral valves to papillary muscles in wall of heart. | show 🗑
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| 4 veins that return blood from lungs to left atrium | show 🗑
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| show | Right Atrium
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| show | Tricuspid
Right
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| show | Right
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| Right ventricle _________. | show 🗑
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| Tricuspid valve closes _______ _________ ________. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
2. Pulmonary Trunk
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| Blood then flows into the ______ trunk. | show 🗑
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| Blood flows to _____, drops off carbon dioxide, picks up oxygen. | show 🗑
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| Blood returns to _____ atrium via pulmonary ______. | show 🗑
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| Blood flows from left atrium, through _______ valve, into ____ ventricle. | show 🗑
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| show | Contracts
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| Left ventricle ________. | show 🗑
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| Mitral valve closes ____ ____________ ______. | show 🗑
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| show | Aortic Semilunar Valve
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| Blood flows into ______, transporting oxygen-rich blood to body cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Left and right coronary arteries
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| show | Aorta
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| Branches of right coronary artery: | show 🗑
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| show | Posterior Interventricular Artery
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| show | Right Marginal branch
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| Branches of left coronary artery: | show 🗑
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| show | Circumflex Branch
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| Branches of left coronary artery: Supplies walls of ventricles | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac
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| show | Coronary Sinus
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| show | Systole
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| show | Diastole
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| show | Cardiac Cycle
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| ____________ _____ between cells contain desmosomes for structural support, and gap junctions to spread action potentials through a network of cells | show 🗑
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| Cardiac Muscle cells have how many central nucleuses? | show 🗑
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| Cardiac Muscle Cells form a _________ _________, mass of merging cells that function as a unit | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac Conduction System
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| Sinoatrial (SA) Node: Pacemaker | show 🗑
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| show | Conducts impulses from SA (Sinoatrial) node to Atria
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| Junctional Fibers: | show 🗑
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| AV (Atrioventricular) Bundle (of His): | show 🗑
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| Left and Right Bundle Branches | show 🗑
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| show | Large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular
myocardium; conduct impulses to apex first; whorled pattern of muscle in
ventricles contract with twisting motion
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| -A recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle -Used to assess ability of heart to conduct impulses | show 🗑
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| show | P Wave
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| show | QRS complex (3 waves):
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| Ventricular repolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | Lubb-Dubb
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| 1st heart sound | show 🗑
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| 2nd heart sound | show 🗑
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| show | Ventricular Systole
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| show | Ventricle Diastole
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| show | Ventricle Systole
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| Closing of the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves is associated with _________ _________ | show 🗑
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| show | Murmur
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| True or False: During the cardiac cycle, the pressure in the heart chambers rises and falls | show 🗑
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| show | Diastole
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| show | Systole
Diastole
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| Cardiac Center in _______ ________ performs neural regulation of heart | show 🗑
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| _____________ ______ that Innervate Heart: -Reach heart via vagus nerves -Decrease heart rate, due to influence on SA and AV nodes | show 🗑
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| _____________ ______ that Innervate Heart: -Reach heart on accelerator nerves -Increase heart rate, due to influence on SA and AV nodes, atrial and ventricular myocardium | show 🗑
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| _____________ ______ : Involve cardiac control center in medulla oblongata -Balance inhibitory and excitatory effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers -Contains a cardioinhibitor reflex center and a cardioaccelerator reflex center | show 🗑
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| Altered heart rhythms | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrillation
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| show | Tachycardia
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| Abnormally slow heartbeat, <60 beats/min at rest | show 🗑
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| show | Flutter
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| show | Premature Beat
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| show | Ectopic Pacemaker
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| Device used to treat disorders of cardiac conduction system; implantable and battery-powered | show 🗑
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| Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart are called ______, those that carry blood away from the heart are ________ | show 🗑
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| Deoxygenated blood travels from the heart to the lungs via the ______ circuit. | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the systemic circuit? | show 🗑
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| Supplies blood to the systemic circulation to deliver oxygen to tissues | show 🗑
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| show | Right Side of heart
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| The heart is housed within the mediastinum and rests on the ___________, a muscle | show 🗑
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| Which circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body? | show 🗑
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| Which side of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circuit? | show 🗑
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| show | The covering that encloses the heart
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| show | Outer portion of the pericardial sac composed of tough connective tissue
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| The pulmonary circuit receives blood from the ______ of the heart and the systemic circuit receives blood from the ______ of the heart. | show 🗑
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| show | The serous membrane attached directly to the surface of the heart
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| show | Pericardium
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| The _________ pericardium covers the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium. | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous pericardium
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| show | Pericardial cavity
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| Which side of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circuit? | show 🗑
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| Which describes the parietal pericardium? | show 🗑
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| The auricles are flap-like projection off of the ________ and serve to increase their blood volume. | show 🗑
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| The middle layer of the heart wall, known as the myocardium, is composed primarily of _______. | show 🗑
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| The inner layer of the heart wall, the endocardium consists of ______. | show 🗑
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| show | the wall that separates the right and left atria
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| show | The outermost serous membrane
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| show | Auricle
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| show | Ventricles
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| show | inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
superior vena cava
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| The wall that separates the upper chambers of the heart is the ______, and the wall that separates the lower chambers is the ______. | show 🗑
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| show | Between the right atrium and right ventricle
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| How does the tricuspid valve close? | show 🗑
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| show | The thicker-walled, inferior chambers of the heart
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| show | Tough fibrous cords that anchor the AV valves to the papillary muscles
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| Contraction of the right ventricle leads to what action? | show 🗑
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| show | The left ventricle has to pump blood farther.
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| show | Right ventricle
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| Blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus flow into the ______. | show 🗑
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| The blood from the right ventricle travels only to the lungs. This physiological attribute explains what anatomical feature? | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary Trunk
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| Where is the the pulmonary semilunar valve located? | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary veins
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| The left atrioventricular valve is also called the ________ valve. | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary trunk
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