Cardiovascular System Part 1
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| show | Heart and Blood Vessels
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| Hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump; Generates force to transport respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes through body | show 🗑
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| _______ ________ transport blood throughout the body | show 🗑
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| show | Arteries
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| show | Veins
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| show | Capillaries
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| Two _____ _____ (______) are included in the Cardiovascular System. | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary circuit and Systemic circuit
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| show | Pulmonary
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| show | Systemic
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| Organization of the heart: _____ side pumps to pulmonary circuit, blood returns to left side. | show 🗑
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| show | Left
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| Both sides of the heart pump at the same time? True False | show 🗑
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| Covering over heart and proximal ends of large blood vessels | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous Pericardium
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| Portions of the Pericardium: -Deep to Fibrous pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane covers the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium | show 🗑
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| Portions of Pericardium: -Inner layer of serous membrane; attached to surface of heart; also called the epicardium | show 🗑
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| Portions of Pericardium: -Space between visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium | show 🗑
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| show | Epicardium
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| show | Myocardium
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| show | Endocardium
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| Wall of Heart Function: -Forms a protective outer covering -Secretes serous fluid | show 🗑
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| show | Myocardium
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| Wall of Heart Function: -Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valve | show 🗑
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| Types of Heart Chambers: 1. 2. 3. | show 🗑
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| show | Atria (Atrium)
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| show | Auricles
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| Heart Chamber: 1. Thick walled lower chambers 2. Pump blood into arteries | show 🗑
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| There are _ chambers of the heart. | show 🗑
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| 4 Chambers of Heart: -Receives blood returning from systemic circuit (from the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus) -Pumps blood into the right ventricle | show 🗑
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| show | Right Ventricule
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| show | Left Atrium
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| 4 Chambers of Heart: -Receives blood from the left atrium -Pumps blood to systemic circuit | show 🗑
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| Heart Valves: 1. Separates right atrium from right ventricle | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
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| Heart Valves: 1. Separates left atrium from left ventricle | show 🗑
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| show | Aortic Semilunar Valve
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| show | Tricuspid Valve
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| Valve: ____________ Location: Entrance to Pulmonary Trunk Function: Prevents blood from moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular relaxation | show 🗑
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| Valve: ____________ Location: Left atrioventricular orifice Function: Prevents blood from moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium during contraction. | show 🗑
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| Valve: ____________ Location: Entrance to aorta Function: Prevents blood from moving from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation | show 🗑
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| Septum: -Separates left and right atria | show 🗑
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| show | Interventricular Septum
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| Large Veins that Return oxygen-poor blood to the heart | show 🗑
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| Fibrous strings that attach cusps of tricuspid and mitral valves to papillary muscles in wall of heart. | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary Veins
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| Oxygen-poor blood from the vena cavae and coronary sinus enter the _____ ______. | show 🗑
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| show | Tricuspid
Right
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| Right atrium contracts, sending remaining blood into ______ ventricle. | show 🗑
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| show | Contracts
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| Tricuspid valve closes _______ _________ ________. | show 🗑
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| As pressures rises in right ventricle, the __________ ________ _______ opens blood flow into __________ _______. | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary
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| show | Lungs
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| Blood returns to _____ atrium via pulmonary ______. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Mitral
2. Left
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| show | Contracts
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| show | contracts
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| Mitral valve closes ____ ____________ ______. | show 🗑
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| As pressure rises in left ventricle, ______ _________ _____ opens. | show 🗑
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| Blood flows into ______, transporting oxygen-rich blood to body cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Left and right coronary arteries
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| The coronary arteries are first 2 branches of the ____. | show 🗑
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| Branches of right coronary artery: | show 🗑
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| Branches of right coronary artery: -Supplies posterior ventricles | show 🗑
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| Branches of right coronary artery: -Supplies right artrium and ventricle | show 🗑
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| Branches of left coronary artery: | show 🗑
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| show | Circumflex Branch
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| show | Anterior interventricular (Left anterior descending) artery.
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| ______ veins drain blood from Myocardium. | show 🗑
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| Enlarged vein into which other cardiac veins drain; drains into right atrium | show 🗑
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| Contraction of a heart chamber | show 🗑
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| show | Diastole
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| show | Cardiac Cycle
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| ____________ _____ between cells contain desmosomes for structural support, and gap junctions to spread action potentials through a network of cells | show 🗑
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| Cardiac Muscle cells have how many central nucleuses? | show 🗑
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| show | Functional Syncytium
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| Specialized group of cardiac muscle cells, which initiate and distribute cardiac action potentials through myocardium | show 🗑
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| Sinoatrial (SA) Node: Pacemaker | show 🗑
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| show | Conducts impulses from SA (Sinoatrial) node to Atria
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| show | Conduct impulses from SA (Sinoatrial) node to Atrioventricular (AV) node
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| show | Conducts impulses rapidly
between SA (Sinoatrial) node and bundle branches
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| Left and Right Bundle Branches | show 🗑
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| show | Large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular
myocardium; conduct impulses to apex first; whorled pattern of muscle in
ventricles contract with twisting motion
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| show | Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
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| Atrial depolarization; occurs just prior to atrial contraction | show 🗑
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| Ventricular depolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular contraction | show 🗑
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| show | T Wave
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| Heartbeat through a stethoscope sounds like: | show 🗑
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| show | S1
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| 2nd heart sound | show 🗑
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| show | Ventricular Systole
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| 2nd heart sound occurs during __________ ________ | show 🗑
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| Closing of the AV valves is associated with _________ _______ | show 🗑
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| Closing of the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves is associated with _________ _________ | show 🗑
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| Abnormal heart sound derived from incomplete closure of cusps of a valve | show 🗑
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| True or False: During the cardiac cycle, the pressure in the heart chambers rises and falls | show 🗑
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| In Ventricular _________: -Pressure is lower than atrial pressure -Atria and ventricles are relaxed -AV Valves are open, and semilunar valves are closed -About 70% of blood flows passively from atria into ventricles | show 🗑
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| During Atrial _______ and Ventricular ______: -Atria contract and ventricles are relaxed -The AV Valves open and the semilunar valves close -Atrial systole pushes remaining 30% of blood into the ventricles, causing ventricular pressure to increase | show 🗑
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| show | Medulla Oblongata
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| show | Parasympathetic Impulses
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| show | Sympathetic Impulses
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| show | Baroreceptor Reflexes
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| Altered heart rhythms | show 🗑
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| -Uncoordinated, chaotic contraction of small areas of myocardium -Atrial fibrillation not life-threatening; ventricular fibrillation is often fatal | show 🗑
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| Abnormally fast heartbeat, >100 beats/min at rest | show 🗑
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| Abnormally slow heartbeat, <60 beats/min at rest | show 🗑
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| show | Flutter
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| Beat that occurs before expected in normal cardiac cycle; often originates from ectopic regions of heart (other than SA node) | show 🗑
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| Damage to SA node may lead to AV node taking over, and act as secondary pacemaker; 40 to 60/min, instead of 70 to 80 | show 🗑
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| show | Artificial Pacemaker
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| Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart are called ______, those that carry blood away from the heart are ________ | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary
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| show | The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
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| show | Left Side of heart
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| Supplies blood to the lungs for exchange of respiratory gases | show 🗑
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| The heart is housed within the mediastinum and rests on the ___________, a muscle | show 🗑
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| Which circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Left Side
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| What is the pericardium? | show 🗑
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| show | Outer portion of the pericardial sac composed of tough connective tissue
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| show | Right side
Left Side
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| What is the visceral pericardium? | show 🗑
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| The heart, and the proximal ends of the large blood vessels to which it attaches, are enclosed in a membranous sac called the ______. | show 🗑
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| show | Parietal
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| show | Fibrous pericardium
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| What is the space between the visceral and parietal pericardium called? | show 🗑
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| Which side of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circuit? | show 🗑
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| show | the outermost serous membrane
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| The auricles are flap-like projection off of the ________ and serve to increase their blood volume. | show 🗑
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| The middle layer of the heart wall, known as the myocardium, is composed primarily of _______. | show 🗑
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| The inner layer of the heart wall, the endocardium consists of ______. | show 🗑
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| What is the interatrial septum? | show 🗑
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| Describes the parietal pericardium? | show 🗑
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| show | Auricle
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| show | Ventricles
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| show | inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
superior vena cava
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| show | interatrial septum; interventricular septum
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| Where is the tricuspid valve located? | show 🗑
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| show | The contraction of the right ventricle forces blood against the cusps, which closes the valve.
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| show | The thicker-walled, inferior chambers of the heart
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| What are the chordae tendineae? | show 🗑
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| Contraction of the right ventricle leads to what action? | show 🗑
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| The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle. Why? | show 🗑
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| show | Right ventricle
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| Blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus flow into the ______. | show 🗑
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| The blood from the right ventricle travels only to the lungs. This physiological attribute explains what anatomical feature? | show 🗑
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| Blood from the right ventricle flows to the ________ ________, which then splits into two arteries (left and right) that lead into the lungs. | show 🗑
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| Where is the the pulmonary semilunar valve located? | show 🗑
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| Where does the blood that enters the left atrium come from? | show 🗑
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| show | mitral or bicuspid
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| Blood leaving the right ventricle flows into the ______. | show 🗑
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