Amino Acids and Peptides
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| show | amino acids
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| show | amino acids; last resource for metabolic energy
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| amino acids are classified based on | show 🗑
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| the carbon in the center of the amino acid; has an amine, R group,H, and acid group attached | show 🗑
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| show | zwitterionic
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| Amino Acids are asymmetric, except for | show 🗑
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| CORN | show 🗑
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| All 20 standard amino acids are "L" true/ false? | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| amino acids are broken into charged and uncharged; the 5 subclasses are? | show 🗑
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| negative amino acids (2) | show 🗑
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| Positive Amino Acids (3) | show 🗑
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| Polar amino acids (5) STAGC | show 🗑
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| Aromatic Amino acids (3) PTT | show 🗑
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| show | Valine, Alanine, Leucine, Glycine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Proline
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| show | Glycine; R group is a Hydrogen; no chiral structure so cannot determine CORN
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| Size/ shape of R- groups determine protein topology, form hydrophobic faces | show 🗑
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| WHent he R group of an amino acid is attached to the amine group what happens? | show 🗑
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| show | Neutral aromatic; planar shape and stacking
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| Which amino acid R group is an SH | show 🗑
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| show | check PPT notes
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| an oxidized derivative of cysteine | show 🗑
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| show | Low
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| Cystine causes disease under what conditions? | show 🗑
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| show | hydrophilic surfaces in proteins; salt bridges in proteins; acid/ base and covalent protein chemistry
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| show | Fat not utilized by brain or RBC's
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| show | Essential Amino Acids
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| Tyrosine is biosynthesized from | show 🗑
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| show | Esential amino acids
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| show | Non-essential; also Tyrosine
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| Semi-essential amino acids required by children and pregnant women | show 🗑
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| show | non-essential
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| If no Phenylalinine there is also no | show 🗑
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| show | Methionine
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| show | Iso; Leu; Lys; Meth; Phenyl; Threo; Trypto; Val
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| show | 0.8g "high quality"; contains all the essential amino acids (animal sources) milk, eggs, meat
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| show | deficient in one or more essential amino acid (vegetable proteins)
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| High Lysine and low Arginine is used to deter | show 🗑
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| molecule that generates a second molecule | show 🗑
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| If asked the precursor to Epinephrine we would answer | show 🗑
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| show | Glycine
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| show | Hydroxylysine; HYdroxyproline: Ornithine; Citrulline; Carnitine; Creatine; Taurine; Homocysteine; NME- amino acids
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| show | Hydroylysine and Hydroxyproline
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| show | NMe amino acids (N-Methyl Glycine is sarcosine)
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| Non- standard amino acid; intermediates in the urea cycle | show 🗑
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| show | Carnitine
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| Non- standard amino acid; Arg+ Gly derivative; accepts and donates phosphate group that can supply ATP in active muscle | show 🗑
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| show | Taurine
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| show | Homocysteine
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| show | Aspartame
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| show | Cystinuria; Cysteine is not soluble; causes kidney stones. Treatment= basifying urine (acitozolamide penicillin); conjugating the cystine with drugs and lots of water
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| show | Cystinosis; Cystine accumulates in lysosomes causing increased cell death rates and organ failure (1 in 100,000- 200,000)
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| show | Hartnup disease; (1 in 24,000) Prevents proper absorption/reabsorption of these amino acids including Tryptophan (precursor of Vit B6); results in niacin deficiency and PELLAGRA
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| show | accumulation of homocysteine causes long, thin bones, lens dislocation, mental deficiencies, and HEART DISEASE. 50% respond to treatment with B6 or B12 and folic acid
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| Phenylketonuria | show 🗑
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| Symptoms of PKU | show 🗑
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| what diet restriction allows normal growth for PKU? | show 🗑
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| show | maple syrup urine disease;Mennonite families; treatment = dialysis B1 (thiamin) injections; diet low in leucine, isoleucine, valine
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| lack of enzyme needed to metabolize tyrosine | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperhomocysteinemia; elevated blood homocysteine- not currently true that B vitamins help and hyperhomocysteinemia is not correlated to heart disease
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| show | no answer
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| the point of NO net charge | show 🗑
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| pH > pI means | show 🗑
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| show | positive charge
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| show | pK1 + pK2 divided by 2 = pI
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| show | there will be 4 forms; ex: A-, A, A+, A--; the 4th form will either be 2+ or 2-
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| show | If we are told the amino acid we will know whether it is positive or negative
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| Ex of 4th form with Histidine | show 🗑
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| Low pKa= molecule likes to | show 🗑
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| show | no answer p.36
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| amino acids react to form | show 🗑
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| show | residues
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| The 1st amino's COO- binds to the 2nd amino's NH3+ | show 🗑
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| show | N-terminal to C-terminal; -yl replaces -ine or -ate except the C terminal(last) amino acid in the sequence
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| 2/3 residues | show 🗑
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| A few residues | show 🗑
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| many residues | show 🗑
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| a few residues with 2D or 3D shape, usually 40+ | show 🗑
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| show | glycyl-aspartyl-hitidyl-leucyl-valine; start with the H3N side and leave the last amino acid in whole name
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| show | electrophoretic mobility of amino acids, peptides, proteins, and manipulating protein solubility
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| When protein's pI= pH of solution, a protein is | show 🗑
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| Ligands for opioid receptors; signal for pleasant feelings that counteract pain | show 🗑
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| peptide hormone; 9 amino acids (nonapeptide); released from pituitary after hypothalamus detection of lack of water | show 🗑
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| show | diabetes Insipidus; excessive thirst and urination
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| Physiological peptide; doesn't cross blood- brain barrier; secreted from pituitary; uterine contractions | show 🗑
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| advantages of peptide drugs | show 🗑
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| disadvantages of peptide drugs | show 🗑
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| show |
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