state board test
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| archaeological studies reveal that hair cutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as | the ice age
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| the first culture to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion was | the egyptians
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| in 3000 bc the first recorded use of a hair-coloring agent was the use of | henna
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| to achieve a look of greater intelligence during the renaissance women | shaved their eyebrows and hairline
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| in 1938 arnold willatt developed a method of permanent waving that used waving lotion with no heat called a | cold wave
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| one of the most vital aspects of good grooming is careful maintenance of | wardrobe
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| the ability to understand people is the key to | operating effectively
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| the single most important communication tool that should be done prior to any client service is the | client consultation
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| to reiterate everything to a client during the consultation process means to | repeat in measured precise terms
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| the individual in the salon that has the most responsibility for how the salon in run in terms of daily maintenance, operations. and client service is tehe | salon manager
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| an excellent time to discuss your progress with the salon owner or your employer is during an | employee evaluation
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| material safety data sheets (msds) are obtained from | the product manufacturer
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| regulatory agencies and governmental health departments require businesses that serve the public to | follow prescribed sanitary precautions
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| one-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are | bacteria
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| pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines that resemble a string of beads are | streptococci
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| cocci are pathogenic bacteria that are what kind of shape | round
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| bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are | diplocci
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| lyme disease, syphilis, or sexually transmitted disease are caused by spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria called | spirilla
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| bacteria that are transmitted through the air and rarely show active motility are | cocci
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| the life cycle of bacteria has two distinct phases the active stage and | inactive or spore-forming stage
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| bacteria that pose little or no risk to a client in the salon setting but are dangerous in the medical setting are | anthrax and tetanus bacilli
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| a virus can live and reproduce only by | attaching to a blood borne virus and becoming part of it
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| hepatitis A, a bloodborne virus is marked by an inflammation of the | liver
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| human immunodeficiency virus is the virus that causes | acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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| a skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice is | pediculosis
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| the surfaces of tools or objects not completely free from dirt, oils, and microbes are covered with | contaminants
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| decontamination is a process that involves that use of | physical or chemical means to remove or destroy pathogens
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| in the salon setting, disinfection is extremely effective in controlling | microorganisms on non-living surfaces
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| a higher level of decontamination than sanitation is | disinfection
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| a chemical agent that is used to destroy bacteria and viruses on surfaces is | disinfectant
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| a manufacturer must supply pertinent safety and storage information by providing | material safety data sheets
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| the agency that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace is | osha
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| disinfectant with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes are | phenolic disinfectants
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| to be effective in the disinfection of implements, ethyl alcohol must be no less than | 70%
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| a common household product used effectively as a disinfectant is | sodium hypochlorite
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| the first step in the decontamination process is called | sanitation
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| antiseptics are effective for cleaning your | hands
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| the agency that sets the standard for dealing with blood borne pathogens is | osha
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| the substance called protoplasm is found in | cells of all living things
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| the watery fluid that cells need for growth, reproduction, and self-repair is found in the | cytoplasm
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| a collection of similar cells that perform a specific function are | tissue
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| the ankle joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and the | femur
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| the hindmost bone of the skull | occipital
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| the medical term used to describe the study, function, and diseases of the muscles is | myology
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| the two bones that form the upper jaw are | maxillae
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| the uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder is the | humerus
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| how many bones is the foot made up of | 26
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| what bone is a heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee | femur
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| skeletal muscles attached to bone that are voluntary or controlled at will are | striated muscle
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| the part of the muscle that does not move is the | origin
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| pressure applied to a muscle during massage is usually directed from the | insertion to the origin
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| the broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the | epicranius
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| a muscle covering the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back that rotates and controls the swinging of the arms is the | trapezius
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| muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line are the | extensors
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| the muscles at the base of the fingers that draw fingers together are the | adductors
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| the gastrocnemius muscle is located in the | lower leg
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| every square inch of the body is supplied with fine fibers known as | nerves
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| tubelike structures that include arteries, capillaries, and veins are | blood vessels
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| a thin walled blood vessel that is less elastic than an artery is a | vein
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| the largest artery in the body is the | capillary
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| white blood cells perform the important function of destroying | disease causing microorganisms
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| endocrine glands release a secretion called | hormones
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| the largest living organ of the body is the | skin
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| healthy is slightly moist,soft, and flexible with a texture that is | smooth and fine grained
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| the outermost layer of the skin is also called teh | epidermis
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| the outermost layer of the epidermis is the | stratum corneum
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| a fiber protein that is the principal component of hair and nails is | keratin
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| the clear transparent layer under the skin surface is the | stratum lucidum
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| the underlying or inner layer of the skin is the | dermis layer
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| tissue that give smootheness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion is | subcutaneous tissue
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| basic sensations such as touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure are registered by | nerve endings
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| the sudoriferous glands help the body regulate | temperature
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| what substances is usually contained in a toner | oxidation tint
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| after removal of whiteheads what should you apply to the skin afterwards | an antiseptic
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| before disinfecting combs and brushes, they should be | cleaned with soap and warm water
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| what is the process used in tapering and thinning with scissors | slithering
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| the action of chemical hair relaxers causes the hair to | soften and swell
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| when should a predisposition test be performed | before every application of oxidizing tints
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| at what part of the nail does growth start | matrix
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| what is the function of sebum | to lubricate the skin
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| sterilization is the process of | destroying both harmful and beneficial bacteria
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| where should freshly laundered towels be kept | in a closed cabinet or drawer
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| the hard protective plate found at the ends of fingers and toes are | natural nails
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| the area under a healthy nail plate is what color | pinkish
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| the portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is the | nail bed
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| the nail bed is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called | bed epithelium
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| nail cells are formed in what part of the nail structure | matirx
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| the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin is the | lunula
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| the most visible and functional part of the nail module is the | nail plate
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| the nail plate is constructed of how many layers of nail cells | 100
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| the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the | free edge
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| the dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate is the | cuticle
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| the living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area is the | eponychium
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| the slightly thickened layer of skin the lies underneath the free edge of the nail plate is the | hyponychium
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| tough bands of fibrous tissues that connect bones are | ligaments
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| the length, width, and curvature of nails are determined by the | matrix shape
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| in the normal adult, the average rate of nail growth is about | 1/10 inch per month
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| a healthy nail will grow provided there is no damage to the | matrix
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| replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about | 4-6 months
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| what fingernail grows the fastest | middle finger
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| the nail has a water content between | 1 and 5 percent
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| the scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called | trichology
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| the two parts of the mature hair strand are the hair shaft and the | hair root
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| the tubelike depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the | follicle
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| the follicle extends downward from the epidermis, where it surrounds the | dermal papilla
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| the lowest area or part of the hair strand is the | hair bulb
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| a tiny, involuntary muscle fiber inserted in the base of the hair follicle is the | arrector pili
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| for chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must | have an alkaline ph
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| the fibrous protein core of the hair, formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment is the | cortex layer
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| hair is composed of a protein that grows from cells originating within | hair follicle
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| the process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is | keratinization
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| the medulla is composed of what shaped cells | round
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| wet healthy hair will stretch up to what percent | 50%
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| when shaping and styling hair, consider the hairs | natural growth paterns
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| dry hair and scalp can be caused by | inactive sebaceous glands
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| oily scalp and hair can be treated by properly shampooing with | normalizing shampoo
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| hair that is not pigmented and almost never has a medulla is | vellus
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| the growth stage phase where new hair is produced is | anagen
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| the average growth of healthy scalp hair is | one inch per month
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| the final or resting phase in the hair growth cycle is | telogen
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| in general the cross sections of curly hair can be | oval
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| the term used to identify abnormal hair loss is | alopecia
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| the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is called | alopecia areata
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| two products approved by the FDA to stimulate hair growth and allowed for sale in the US | minoxidil and finasteride
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| the technical term used to describe gray hair is | canities
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| a variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair | ringed hair
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| a condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body is | hypertrichosis
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| the technical term used to describe beaded hair is | monilethrix
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| the medical term for dandruff | pityriasis
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| the medical term used to describe a fungal organism characterized by itching, scales, and painful circular lesions is | tinea
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| they type of fungal infection characterized by red papules at the opening of the hair follicles is | tinea capitits
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| an acute localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain is | a furuncle
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| an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci is | a carbuncle
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| the study of substances that contain carbon is referred to as | organic chemistry
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| metals, minerals, water, and air are examples of | inorganic substances
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| a basic substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance without the loss of identity is called | an element
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| substances that cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means are | atoms
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| the smallest particle of an element is | atom
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| chemically joining two or more atoms forms a | molecule
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| characteristics that do not involve chemically changing a substance are | physical properties
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| physical mixtures containing two or more different substances are | solutions, suspensions, and emulsions
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| a blended mixture of two or more liquids or a solid dissolved in a liquid is a | solution
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| a substance that dissolves another substance with no change in chemical composition is a | solvent
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| miscible liquids are liquids that can be | mixed into stable solutions
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| liquids that are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are | immiscible
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| a product that does not separate when standing and contains particles is considered to be | a solution
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| solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as | suspensions
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| a mixture of two of more immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder is know as a | emulsion
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| a substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify is an | surfactant
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| the water-loving head of a surfacant molecule is | hydrophilic
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| ammonium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate are examples of products used to | raise the ph of hair
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| an atom or molecule that carries and electric charge is an | ion
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| acids owe their chemical reactivity to the | hydrogen bond
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| chemical reactions that produce heat are called | exothermic
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| the chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide is | oxidation
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| the rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by heat or light is | combustion
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| when oxygen is subtracted from a substance, the chemical reaction is called | reduction
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| a substance that has a ph about 7.0 is considered to be a | alkali solution
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| a sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a moisturizing ingredient in cosmetic products is | glycerin
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| the chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent it reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized is | redox
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| electricity is described as a form of | energy
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| the flow of electricity along a conductor is called an | electric current
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| metals used in electric wiring and motors are materials that are considered good electricity | conductors
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| electric wires are usually covered with a rubber substance that is used as an insulator or | nonconductor
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| the path of electricity from the generating source through conductors and back to the original source is called | complete circuit
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| electric current that is constant even flowing and travels in one direction | direct current
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| the device that changes direct current to alternating current is an | converter
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| a rapid and interrupted current that flows in one direction then in the opposite direction is | alternating current
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| the unit that measures the pressure of force that pushes the flow of electrons through a conductor | volt
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| the unit that measures the amount of electric current is an | ampere
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| the current that is used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in | milliamperes
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| the unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second is an | watt
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| the device that prevents excessive current form passing through a circuit is an | fuse
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| a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric current at the first indication of an overload is an | circuit breaker
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| an important way of promoting electrical safety is the principle of | grounding
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| an applicator that is used for directing the electric current form the machine to the clients skin is called an | electrode
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| the positive electrode of an electrotherapy device is called an | anode
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| the negative electrode of an electrotherapy device is called an | cathode
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| the most commonly used modality that is a constant and direct current is | galvanic current
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| the process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current is called | iontophoresis
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| a process that forces liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole is called | anaphoresis
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| a thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation that is used for scalp and facial treatments is | tesla current
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| visible light that part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that we can see makes up what percentage of natural sunlight | 35%
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| the long wavelengths that penetrate the deepest and produce the most heat are | infrared rays
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| to avoid damage to the eyes of a client of practitioner when using light therapy treatments the eyes should be protected with saturated cotton pads | safety goggles
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