General Psycholog Midterm Review
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| Prologue "A Rampage on Campus" | show 🗑
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| show | scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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| Psychologists try to: | show 🗑
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| Behavior and mental processes: encompasses not only what people do but their | show 🗑
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| show | studies how living organisms develop behaviors in response to current conditions
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| Cross Cultural Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | studies how people grow and change from conception through death
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| Cognitive Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | studies how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance
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| Health Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | studies consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another
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| show | Only 6% are racial minorities, lack of perspectives minorities can provide, without minorites in profession, other minorities discouraged from joining, minorities prefer to receive counseling from own race, may not seek counseling
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| Psychodynamic Perspective | show 🗑
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| show | observable, measurable behavior should be focus of study
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| Humanisitic | show 🗑
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| Nature vs. Nurture | show 🗑
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| show | "1. Identifying questions of interests
2.Formulating an explanation
3. Carrying out research designed to support or refute the explanation
4. Communicating the findings "
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| Prologue "The Deepest Cut" | show 🗑
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| Neuroscientist | show 🗑
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| Biological Factors | show 🗑
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| Neuron | show 🗑
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| show | chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite (and sometimes the cell body) of a receiver neuron
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| show | Endocrine system: chemical communication network that sends messages throughout the body via the blood stream
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| show | Pituitary Gland: found near and regulated by hypothalamus, "master gland", controls functioning of the rest of the endocrine system, hormones secreted control growth
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| show | symmetrical left and right halves of the brain that control the side of the body opposite to their location
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| show | dominance of one hemisphere of the brain in specific functions, such as language
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| show | verbal competence: language, speaking, reading, thinking and reasoning; processes information sequentially (one bit at a time)
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| show | spatial relations, recognition of patters and drawings, music, emotion expression; processes information as a whole
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| show | Prosopagnosia: selective development condition know as "face blindness"; lack of processing ability to detect subtle differences that make each face unique
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| show | Activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy, Process by which our sense organs receive information from the environment, Organisms first encounter with raw sensory stimulus
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| Perception | show 🗑
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| show | 7% of men and .4% of women, most common visual disturbance
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| Most common form of color blindness | show 🗑
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| Less common form of color blindness | show 🗑
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| show | total color blindness: see in black and white
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| Trichromatic Theory of color Vision | show 🗑
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| show | receptor cells, linked in pairs, working in opposite direction to each other; Blue yellow pairing, red-green pairing, black-white pairing; Object reflects light that is more blue than yellow, stimulates blue cells, inhibit others
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| Eardrum | show 🗑
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| show | coiled tube in ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound
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| Basilar membrane | show 🗑
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| show | theory that different areas of basilar membrane respond to different frequencies
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| Frequency theory of hearing | show 🗑
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| show | inner ear, consists of three tubes containing fluids that sloshes through them when the head moves, signaling rotational or angular movement to brain
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| show | tiny motion sensitive crystals in the semicircular canals, sense acceleration forward, backwards, or up and down, as well as constant pull of gravity.
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| Gestalt Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | Perception of messages about which we have no awareness
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| Prologue "Nodding Off" | show 🗑
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| Consciousness | show 🗑
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| Waking consciousness | show 🗑
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| show | all other states of consciousness; sleeping, dreaming, drug use, hypnosis
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| Unconscious wish fulfillment theory | show 🗑
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| show | Freud: the "disguised" meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects
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| Manifest content of dreams | show 🗑
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| Dreams-for-survival theory | show 🗑
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| show | Hobson's theory that the brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep that stimulates memories lodged in various portions of the brain
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| REM | show 🗑
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| show | Exercise during the day (at least 6 hrs before bedtime) and avoid naps, Avoid drinks with caffeine after lunch, Drink a warm glass of milk at bedtime, Avoid sleeping pills, Try not to sleep
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| show | Some people who think they have sleep problems are mistaken: many fall asleep within 30 min and stay asleep all night
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| Night Terrors | show 🗑
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| Narcolepsy | show 🗑
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| Effectiveness of Hypnosis | show 🗑
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| show | Learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness
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| D.A.R.E.'s Effectiveness | show 🗑
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| Signs of Drug Abuse | show 🗑
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| Prologue "Four Legged Coworker" | show 🗑
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| Learning | show 🗑
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| show | A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after its paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response
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| show | Pavlovs dogs: bell rang + food = salivate, conditioned to salivate after just hearing bell
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| Operant Conditioning | show 🗑
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| Law of Effect | show 🗑
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| show | Learning by observing the behavior of another person, or model; Referred to social cognitive approach to learning
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| show | Frequently ineffective, particularly if it is not delivered shortly after the undesired behavior or if individual is able to leave the setting in which punishment is given; does not convey information about alternative, desired behavior
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| show | makes viewers more susceptible to acting aggressively
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| show | lower inhibitions about carrying out aggression; Distort understanding of meaning of other behavior, predisposing us to view nonaggressive acts as aggressive violence; leave us desensitized to violence
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| Retrograde amnesia | show 🗑
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| Memory | show 🗑
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| Memory Encoding | show 🗑
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| show | maintenance of material saved in memory
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| show | material in storage must be located and brought into awareness
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| show | initial, momentary storage of information that lasts an instance
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| Short Term Memory | show 🗑
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| Long Term Memory | show 🗑
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| Applying Psychology, "Dulling the Edges of Painful Memories" | show 🗑
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| show | -eyewitnesses are prone to making mistakes when recalling details of crime
-questioning format can influence witnesses
-weapons act as visual magnets, drawing attention away from attackers face"
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| show | children are highly vulnerable to influence of others
Ex: 5-7 y/o girls post standard physical, 3 girls indicated they had had a vaginal/anal exam (when they did not) and one indicated Dr performed exam with a stick"
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| show | Disease that afflicts long-term alcoholics, leaving some abilities intact but including hallucinations and tendency to repeat stories
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| show | Illness characterized in part by severe memory problems, 4th leading cause of death among adults in us, May be genetic: inherited susceptibility to defect in production of protein beta amyloid, necessary in the maintenance of nerve cell connections
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| Rober Ptman's Research/Propranolol Use Study | show 🗑
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| Goals of propranolol study | show 🗑
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| Cognitive Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | the ability to generate original ideas or solve problems in novel ways
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| show | the ability to generate unusual, yet appropriate, responses to problems or questions
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| Convergent thinking | show 🗑
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| show | Rudimentary in form
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| show | have taught to sign, some have been able to create grammatically sophisticated sentences
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| Critics (Language Development) | show 🗑
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| show | Lack of firm evidence that animals can recognize and respond to the mental state of others of their species, an important aspect of human communication
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| show | The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges
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| show | Minimum of eight forms of intelligence, relatively independent of each other: musical, bodily kinesthetics, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist
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| Intelligence Quotient | show 🗑
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| show | A condition characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills
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| show | Most common causes of mental retardation in newborns, occurring when mother uses alcohol during pregnancy
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| show | A test designed to determine a person's level of knowledge in a given subject area
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| show | A test designed to predict a persons ability in a particular area or line of work
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| Intellectually Gifted | show 🗑
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| show | A test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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kallenpoole
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