Pathophysiology Terms Fr Mosbys Paramedic Textbook Rev 3RD Edition
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| acidosis | a condition marked by a high concentration of hydogen ions.
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| active transport | a carrier mediated process that can move substances against a concentration gradient.
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| aerobic | of or pertaining to the presence of air or oxygen
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| afterload | the total resistance against which blood must be pumped; aka peripheral vascular resistance.
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| alkalosis | a condition marked by a low concentration of hydrogen ions
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| allergens | substance that can produce hypersensitivity reactions in the body
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| anaerobic | of or pertaining to the absence of oxygen
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| anion | an ion with a negative charge
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| antigens | substances (usually proteins) that cause formation of an antibody and that react specifically with that antibody
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| atrophy | decrease in the size of a cell, which adversely effects cell function
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| B lymphocytes | the lymphocytes responsible for antibody mediated immunity.
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| cardiac output | the volume of blood pumped each minute by the ventricle
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| cation | an ion with a positive charge
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| complement system | a group of proteins that coat bacteria; the proteins then either help kill the bacteria directly, or they assist neutrophils (in the blood) and macrophages (in the tissues) to engulf and destroy the bacteria
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| diffusion | the process by which solid, particulate matter in a fluid moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in an even distribution of the particles in the fluid
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| dysplasia | abnormal cellular growth
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| edema | the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces
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| extracellular fluid | the water found outside the cells, including that in the intravascular and interstitial compartments
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| facilitated diffusion | a carrier mediated process that moves substances into or out of cells from a high to low concentration
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| hypercalcemia | a higher than normal concentration of calcium in the blood
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| hyperkalemia | a higher than normal concentration of potassium in the blood
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| hypermagnesemia | a higher than normal concentration of magnesium in the blood
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| hyperatremic | a term describing a higher than normal concentration of sodium in the blood
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| hyperplasia | excessive increase in the number of cells
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| hypersensitivity reaction | an altered immunological response to ann antigen that results in a pathological immune response upon reexposure
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| hypertonic | a term used to describe a slutin that causes cells to shrink
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| hypertrophy | increase in the size of a cell
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| hypokalemia | lower than normal concentration of potassium in the blood
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| hypomagnesemia | a lower than normal concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma
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| hyponatremic | a term describing a lower than normal concentration of sodium in the blood
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| hypoperfusion | severely inadequate circulation that results in insufficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients necessary for normal tissue and cellular function, aka shock
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| hypotonic | a term used to describe a solution that causes cells to swell
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| hypoxemia | a lower than normal oxygen content of the blood as measured in an arterial blood sample
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| immune response | a defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies
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| inflammatory response | a tissue reaction to injury or to an antigen; it may include pain, swelling, itching, redness, heat and loss of function.
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| interstitial fluid | the fluid found in all body cells
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| ischemia | a state of insufficient perfusion of oxygenated blood to a body organ or part.
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| isotonic | a term used to describe a solution that causes cells neither to shrink nor swell.
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| lactic acidosis | a disorder characterized by an accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, resluting ina lowered pH in muscle and serum
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| mediated transport mechanisms | mechanisms that use carrier molecules to move large, water soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules aross cell membranes.
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| metaplasia | a change from one cell type to another that is better able to tolerate adverse conditions; a conversion into a form that is not normal for that cell.
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| multiple organ dysfunction syndrome | the progressive failure of two or more organ systems after a severe ilness or injury
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| necrosis | death of a cell or group of cells as the result of disease or injury
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| negative feedback mechanisms | mechanisms that tend to produce a response that balances a change in system
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| neoplasia | new and abnormal development of cells, which may be benign or malignant.
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| osmolality | the osmotic pressure of a solution
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| osmosis | the diffusion of solvent (water) through a membrane from a less concentrated sollution to a more concentrated solution.
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| partial pressure | the pressure exerted by a single gas.
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| peripheral vascular resistance | the total resistance against which blood must be pumped; aka afterload.
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| pH | an inverse logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
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| preload | the amount of blood returning to the ventricle.
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| semipermeable membrane | a membrane that allows some fluids and substances to pass through them but not others usually depending on size, shape, electrical charge, or other chemical properties.
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| shock | a condition of severely inadequate blood flow to the body's peripheral tissues that is associated with life threatening cellular dysfunction; aka hypoperfusion.
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| solutes | substances dissolved in solution
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| starling hyposthesis | the concept that describes the movement of fluid back and forth across the capillary wall (net filtration)
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| stroke volulme | the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle in a single heartbeat.
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| T lymphocytes | the lymphocytes responsible for cell mediated immunity
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| virulence | the relative strength of a pathogen.
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