Microbiology The College Network Excelsior
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| Microbiology is | show 🗑
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| show | viruses, bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, and fungi
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| Biotechnology | show 🗑
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| gene therapy | show 🗑
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| scientific method- | show 🗑
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| Hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | 1st to make a microscope and observe animalcules. 1670's. He was more interested ion microscopes.
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| Animalcules | show 🗑
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| show | performed 1st vaccination small Pox Vaccine
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| show | 1850-Ignaz promoted hand washing. 15 yrs later- Joe started using antiseptics and disenfecants in surgery & on wounds.
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| Louis Pasteur "Father of Microbiology" | show 🗑
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| Spontaneous generation | show 🗑
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| show | 1870's Dev Koch postulates
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| show | The need to satisfy 4 requir in order to establish that an organism is the cause of disease
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| show | gelatin-like solidifying agent used in laboratory culture media
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| show | is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions
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| Germ theroy of disease | show 🗑
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| Alex Fleming | show 🗑
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| show | degrades bacterial cell walls
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| show | 1st true antibiotic used to kill bacteria, gained popularity during WW 2
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| show | 7 levels
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| levels of taxonomy | show 🗑
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| show | organism genus & species
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| show | Organisms that have small differences but are still in the same genus & species
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| show | similar organisms that differ immunologically
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| show | Any type of variation
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| Domain bacterial Kingdom divided into 2 domains | show 🗑
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| Prokaryotes | show 🗑
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| Eukaryotes | show 🗑
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| show | use sunlight to produce carbs & fix nitrogen from the air
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| Dark-field microscopy | show 🗑
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| Staining improves | show 🗑
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| show | stain uses 2 stains, causes diff types of bacteria to change into diff colors
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| Electron Microscopy, How many diff types | show 🗑
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| show | the electrons pass thru the specimen, heavy metals pile up around the virus & scatter electrons& Leaves dark areas that reflect the outline, resolve down to 0point002
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| scanning electron microscopy | show 🗑
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| Medium | show 🗑
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| show | Positive charge at one end & negative charge at the other end
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| nonpolar | show 🗑
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| Acids | show 🗑
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| Bases | show 🗑
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| pH high | show 🗑
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| low | show 🗑
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| neutral point | show 🗑
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| show | large molecules
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| Proteins | show 🗑
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| show | are a majority of proteins,breakdown of food into smaller useful
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| show | A macromolecule, assembled by enzymes, Serve as structural function& provide strength
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| show | A Macromolecule, a sugar-phosphate repeating structure
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| show | nucleic acis letter (3)
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| show | A string of codons
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| show | A nucleic acid, will always have equal numbers of A & T and equal numbers of C & G
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| RNA | show 🗑
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| show | 1000s of genes that make up a single piece of double stranded DNA
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| adenine | show 🗑
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| cytosine | show 🗑
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| mRNA messengar RNA | show 🗑
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| translation | show 🗑
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| show | small & span the membrane of every cell,they provide a non polar boundry- keep contents in & keep unwanted material out
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| Sterols | show 🗑
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| show | contained by animl cells
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| show | contained by fungi cells
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| show | 3
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| show | apperance
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| show | spherical shape
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| show | rod shaped
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| show | helical cell
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| show | vibrio
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| mono | show 🗑
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| diplo | show 🗑
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| tetra | show 🗑
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| strepto | show 🗑
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| staphylo | show 🗑
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| show | bound sacks that are smaller than a cell. Bacteria has none.
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| show | in cytoplasm
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| show | a structure that defines inside & outside
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| show | Bacterias have these layers that confers rigidity & shape to the bacteria.
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| active transport | show 🗑
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| show | small pieces of DNA that often carry genes for highly specialized functions, for example, they may code for resistance to some commonly used antibiotics.
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| ribosomes | show 🗑
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| show | contained by many bacteria in the cytoplasm. usually provide an energy source.
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| show | a polysaccharide called glycan that is cross-linked to other polysaccharide molecules by short peptide bridges.
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| show | bacteria with damaged cell walls literally explode
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| capsule aka glycocalyx | show 🗑
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| lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | show 🗑
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| cell envelope | show 🗑
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| show | grow inside of the cell (spores)
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| proteinaceous | show 🗑
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| filament | show 🗑
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| flagellin | show 🗑
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| filament | show 🗑
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| show | long, helical structures made of polymerized protein.
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| hook | show 🗑
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| show | . 2 to 4 rings mounted on a rod that secure the flagellum to the cell envelope.
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| chemotaxis | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria tries different random directions & only go a significant distance when they like what's happening.
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| show | hairlike appendages on the external surface of bacteria independant of flagella.
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| show | ans more specifically means seen in 100s per cell. attachment factors or holdfasts
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| show | microbes that grow into visible clump of cells
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| Gram stain | show 🗑
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| gram positive | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria with 3 layered cell envelopes, which is unique
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| show | is important to bacterial pathogens in escaping the hosts immune system
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| show | a aka endotoxin is a potent inducer of inflammatory reactions.
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| show | in chains like a necklace
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| show | clustered like grapes
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| tetra | show 🗑
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| diplo | show 🗑
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| show | can be more than shape
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| 2 biologically active items that destroy a cell wall | show 🗑
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| Nuclei | show 🗑
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| show | energy production
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| endoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
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| show | for packaging material to be secreted
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| show | for food or storage
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| Bulk transport eukaryotes have this | show 🗑
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| show | engulf a large molecule
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| show | secrete whole antibody molecules.
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| show | a small membrane sac
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| show | general term for any type of molecule that a receptor binds to.
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| show | one form of endocytosis. cell eating, useful for ridding the cell of debris
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| pseudopodia | show 🗑
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| lysosomes | show 🗑
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| phagocytes | show 🗑
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| Fungi | show 🗑
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| show | fungi are this. cuz they use organic material made by other cells
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| symbiotic | show 🗑
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| show | most fungi are this cuz they obtain nutrients from dead organic material
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| show | as molds, yeasts, or mushrooms
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| show | as single roundish cells
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| molds grow | show 🗑
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| hyphae | show 🗑
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| show | into 2 classes septate & aseptate
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| show | cross walls separarting individual cells
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| show | fuzzy masses of hypae (mold)
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| show | major lipid of fungi. humans have cholesterol
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| Chitlin | show 🗑
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| show | alage, protozoa, & slime molds
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| show | unicellular, can grow in large groups
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| show | unicellular, lack photosynthetic ability & use their organellas for moving & food gathering
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| Slime molds | show 🗑
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| Protozoan moves via | show 🗑
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| Algaes role in marine life | show 🗑
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| show | cellulose
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| Algae obtains and uses sunlight via | show 🗑
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| protozoans classified & identified | show 🗑
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| cellular vs acellular | show 🗑
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| vector | show 🗑
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| a pathogen to be transmitted via mosquito | show 🗑
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| show | transmits rickettsia which causes Rocky mountain fever
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| Ixodes scapularis tick | show 🗑
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| Obligate intracellular parasites | show 🗑
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| show | bacteriophages or just phages
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| viruses | show 🗑
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| bacteriophage penetrate | show 🗑
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| Capsomere | show 🗑
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| Capsid | show 🗑
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| nucleocapsid | show 🗑
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| envelope | show 🗑
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| virion | show 🗑
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| show | 20 identical sides
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| show | membrane from host & attachment proteins are from the virus
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| 7 steps in human virus | show 🗑
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| show | smallest replicating agents, have no DNA or RNA
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| kuru aka Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease | show 🗑
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| show | Kuru in sheep, cause it makes then scrap all their hide off
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| encephalopathy | show 🗑
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| Acidophiles | show 🗑
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| aerobes | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria that grows in alkaline enviroments
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| anaerobes | show 🗑
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| antagonism | show 🗑
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| autotrophs | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria with mutations that disallow them from making a given vitamin, they acquire them from hosts
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| Carbon | show 🗑
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| hetertrophs | show 🗑
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| Fastidious organisms | show 🗑
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| photoautotrophs | show 🗑
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| Halophiles | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria that gets their energy from carbon dioxide & hydrogen to produce methane gas
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| show | use minerals & gases from the sir, & derive energy from chemicals found in rocks.
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| liquid media | show 🗑
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| show | add agar
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| show | bacterial culture that consists of media of known chemicals (ie sugar, vitamins)
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| brain-heart infusion broth | show 🗑
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| if we know what nutrients are needed & can add them to the heart-brain infusion | show 🗑
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| show | medium generally used for the isolation of human pathogens from body sites,ex throat. (We add blood to the brain-heart medium if we don't know what nutrients are needed.
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| show | media allows certain kinds of bacteria to grow while not letting the other bacteria(s) grow.
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| show | allows different types of organisms, but colonies of one type of organism are differentiated by the color they produce as they metabolize the sugar.
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| show | must be isoloated
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| brownian motion | show 🗑
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| show | pressure d/t h20 trying to reduce the chemical gradient
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| aerobes | show 🗑
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| show | absolutely require o2 to grow in (baceris)
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| show | absenence of air-bacteria grows
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| facultative anaerobes | show 🗑
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| microaerophiles | show 🗑
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| show | acidic enviroment bacteria grow
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| alkalophiles | show 🗑
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| show | obligate halophiles
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| show | cold
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| show | warm (human pathogens)
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| show | hot
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| extreme thermophile | show 🗑
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| show | thermoduric
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| Synergism | show 🗑
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| show | symbiotic relationship. when both organisms need each other to live.
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| show | symbiotic relatioonship. when organism A helps Organ. B. But Organ. A neither affected good or bad.
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| Parasitism | show 🗑
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| Antagonism | show 🗑
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| show | carbon, o2, nitrogen,hydrogen, phosphorus, & sulfar
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| SIX most abudant types of molecules in a living bacterium | show 🗑
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| show | Brownian motion, nutrient molecules are constantly moving, so they make contact w/bactrium.
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| show | srength of the peptidoglycan
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| show | bacterial cells grow by dividing & forming 2 progeny cells that are equal to the original cell
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| show | each division or doubling is called this
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| show | when bacteria double every constant period of time
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| lag phase | show 🗑
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| show | second phase.cells start to multiply by doubling every approx 30 min. may be a few hours long but the time depends directly on nutrient availability
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| stationary phase | show 🗑
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| decline phase or death phase | show 🗑
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| show | they produce enzymes that cause their own lysis or breakdown
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| show | this is how you can determine the number of viable cells in a culture.
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| show | small samples of a culture
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| show | means that in every generation (or growth cycle) twice as many cells are formed.
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| show | colony forming unit. each viable cell that can grow into a colony on a petri dish
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| Turbidimetric assay | show 🗑
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| anabolism | show 🗑
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| catabolism | show 🗑
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| metabolism | show 🗑
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| enzymes | show 🗑
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| show | refers to the amount of heat necessary to cause a chemical reaction.Enzymes can dramatically reduce the activation energy.
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| 3 Major pathways of catabolism in organisms | show 🗑
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| show | 2 ATPS are produced by....
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| show | 30 ATPS are produced by...........
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| show | O2
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| show | nitrate & sulfate
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| 6 Commercially valuable products vis fermintation | show 🗑
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| DNA RNA & amino acids | show 🗑
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| DNA | show 🗑
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| show | translated into proteins, the real cell workers
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| show | The process by which RNA polymerase uses a DNA template to produce mRNA
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| RNA polymerase | show 🗑
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| show | 2 or more genes in a bacterial chromosome that are transcribed into one mRNA. Eukaryotic cells do not have operons
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| Translation | show 🗑
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| show | A template for the coded genetic information in DNA to be translated into protein
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| ribosomes | show 🗑
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| show | a nucleotide triplet that codes for a specific amino acid
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| Couple transcription & translation | show 🗑
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| A triplet of bases encodes.. | show 🗑
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| Griffith | show 🗑
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| Avery | show 🗑
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| Hershey & chase | show 🗑
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| show | the DNA coding material for a single protein
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| chromosome | show 🗑
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| show | the collection of all the genes in a cell
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| show | DNA that will base pair w/another DNA molecule cuz it has A in place of every T, C in place of every g of the other molecule
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| show | bacterium 5,000 and human=50,000
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| Prokaryotic cells | show 🗑
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| show | have diploid genomes
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| A disease that is most common in the Ohio Missi. River drainage area, is spread from bird poop, & is DX as a yeast in bronchoalveolar lavage washings is | show 🗑
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| show | TROPHOZITE
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| show | RBCs
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| Parasite, damages the liver & have a life cycle stage in a snail is | show 🗑
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| Agents that causes swimming pool conjunctivitis & keratoconjunctivitis is | show 🗑
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| show | YEAST
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| this organism makes a natural pesticide | show 🗑
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| show | DIATOMS
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| show | HELP AEROBIC BACTERIA GROWTH
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| show | SOIL
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| Produces the greatest amount of energy | show 🗑
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| show | 30
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| show | are intracellular,contain nucleocapsid,either RNa or DNA but not both
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| show | OBTAIN CARBON FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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| show | SPECIFIC COLONIES TO BE ISOLATED
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| sterilization indicates | show 🗑
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| detergents primarily act on microbes by | show 🗑
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| the beta lactam ring of PCNs is destroyed by | show 🗑
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| Antibiotic for TB | show 🗑
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| show | ACYCLOVIR
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| show | AMANTADINE
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| show | PNEUMONIC PLAGUE
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| Opsonizatioin is enhanced by | show 🗑
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| Legionnaire's disease source | show 🗑
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| Bacteria that have lost the ability to grow on a specific sugar | show 🗑
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| PCN Antibio. theraphy will be most effective against | show 🗑
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| Mycobacteria are usually hard for the host to overcome cuz | show 🗑
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| show | T HELPER OR CD4
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| Varicella zoster virus is cause of | show 🗑
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| Hep B | show 🗑
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| Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with infection by the | show 🗑
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| show | HIV
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| show | INDUCER
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| Zoonotic transmission is observed for | show 🗑
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| show | CHANCRE
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| show | CONJUGATION
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| show | KOCH
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| Bacterial motility is produced by | show 🗑
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| show | OBLIGATE ANAEROBE
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| Rapid growth of bacteria occurs in this phase | show 🗑
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| How do Cyanobacteria obtain their energy | show 🗑
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| Spontaneous changes in genes occurs because of | show 🗑
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| Component of the bacterial cell wall gives it its rigidity | show 🗑
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| The most important cellular organelle in the destruction of a pathogen is the | show 🗑
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| show | basal body, flagellin, hook
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| Janssen, Hans & Zaccharias | show 🗑
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| show | (1665) Looked at cork via microscope Coined the word cell. Set the foundation for cell theory.
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| cell theory | show 🗑
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| show | 1670's & 80's first to observe & describe living microbes-"animalcules". His homemade microscope magnified a specimen up to 200-300x.
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| Linnaeus | show 🗑
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| show | classification system (genus name+species name)
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| show | states living matter can appear out of no where
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| Francesco REDI | show 🗑
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| show | 1740s showed proof spontaneous generation was true. he boiled nutrient solutions, yet when cooled stuff grew.
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| show | showed that NEEDHAMS experiments where BS. that u seal the boiled flasks and nothing can grow. that there where stuff in the air.
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| Jenner | show 🗑
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| show | 1840s first to suggest doctors wash their nasty hands
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| show | developed the swan neck flask. disproved sponatenous generation. showed microorganisms are everywhere. put aseptic technique in the running stages.
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| Jospeh LISTER | show 🗑
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| show | One organism-one disease. First to establish pure-culture technique and to use agar as a growth medium. (koch postulates)
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| Ehrlich | show 🗑
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| Fleming | show 🗑
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| Domagk | show 🗑
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| 5 Kingdoms | show 🗑
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| show | Monera (bacteria & cyanophytes)
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| one meter is ____ feet | show 🗑
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| resolution | show 🗑
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| resolving power | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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