Volume 4 Chapters 1-5
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| show | 155,000
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| What are the two leading mechanisms of trauma mortality? | show 🗑
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| show | Persons under the age of 44 (United States)
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| The document "Accidental Death and Disability; The Neglected Disease" resulted in the passing of what? | show 🗑
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| What is epidemiology? | show 🗑
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| show | Pre-Event Elements, Event Elements, Post Event Elements and The Host, The Agent, The Environment.
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| show | Regional Trauma Center. Commits resources to address all types of specialty trauma 24/7.
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| Level II Trauma Center | show 🗑
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| Level III Trauma Center | show 🗑
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| show | Will stabilize and prepare trauma patients for transport to a higher level facility.
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| What helps increase your index of suspicion? | show 🗑
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| show | The concept that a trauma patient must reach a trauma facility in an hour or less.
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| show | To prevent the trauma from occurring.
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| A data retrieval system for trauma cases used as a basis for evaluating and improving the trauma system. | show 🗑
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| show | A branch of physics dealing with objects in motion and energy expended when objects collide.
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| show | ...remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
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| show | ... neither created nor destroyed. It can only be changed from one for to another.
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| The energy of an object in motion. | show 🗑
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| Kinetic Energy = | show 🗑
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| show | Mass X Acceleration
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| Compression Injury occurs as a result of what? | show 🗑
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| show | The opposite of compression. Connective fibers that hold tissue together are pulled and thereby injured or torn apart.
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| show | A tear of tissue similar to scissor blades.
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| show | 1-Vehicle Collision. 2-Body Collision. 3-Organ Collision. 4-Secondary Collision.
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| How should the child safety seat be placed with infants and small children? | show 🗑
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| show | To prevent unopposed rearward motion.
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| What are the three pathways of patient travel in a frontal impact? | show 🗑
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| show | More than %50 involve drivers legally intoxicated.
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| show | Trauma to the head and body cavity (Chest and Abdomen).
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| show | Injuries caused by the heat of an explosion and the overpressure wave.
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| What are secondary blast injuries? | show 🗑
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| show | Injuries resulting from personnel displacement (being thrown) and structural collapse.
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| Which organ is the most frequently damaged to the point of becoming life threatening in a blast injury? | show 🗑
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| show | Falling from greater than 3 times a persons height. (20 feet for adults, 10 feet for children)
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| show | The crushing factor remaining in place and cutting off blood flow to a body part.
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| show | Motor Vehicle Accidents
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| What should you consider as a transport method to attain the Golden Hour? | show 🗑
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| What constitutes a 2nd degree injury? | show 🗑
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| show | All interventions except surgical.
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| Will falls <5' represent significant MOI in pediatric patients? | show 🗑
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| How should serious trauma be classified from a pathological prospective? | show 🗑
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| show | Palpation - it helps reveal problems hidden from visualization.
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| Which type of energy would an airbag absorb during a MVA? | show 🗑
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| show | Toxic buildup and subsequent release can induce Ventricular Tachycardia.
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| Which age group is most prone to fall trauma? | show 🗑
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| What are common injuries associated with rear end collisions? | show 🗑
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| show | Lumbar.
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| show | C-Spine precautions, head and neck trauma, and clavicular damage due to outstretched arms attempting to brace the fall.
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| show | Up and Over.
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| What type of injuries should be suspected upon finding a 'spider web' on the windshield of an MVA? | show 🗑
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| What type of injuries should be suspected in a motorcycle frontal collision? | show 🗑
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| show | C-Spine precautions.
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| show | Mass and Velocity.
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| show | Lung injury from impact with the steering wheel.
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| show | Femoral, Tibial, and Knee injury.
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| What is a possible negative result of airway management in a blast victim? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common collision type in a rural setting? | show 🗑
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| What is the danger of SRS (supplemental restraint system) in a rescue operation. | show 🗑
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| show | 30,000, and increasing.
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| show | The relationship is squared. ie x2 speed = x4 energy.
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| show | The study of the characteristics of projectiles in motion and their effects upon objects they impact.
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| How is a handgun classified? | show 🗑
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| How is a rifle classified? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between and assault rifle and a rifle? | show 🗑
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| How are knives classified? | show 🗑
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| show | Direct injury, pressure shock wave, and cavitation.
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| show | The damage done by a projectile as it strikes tissue, contuses and tears the tissue, and displaces the tissue. It is limited to the profile of the bullet or the resulting fragments as the bullet breaks apart.
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| What is the pressure shock wave? | show 🗑
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| show | The space created behind the high energy bullet as the tissue moves rapidly away from the projectiles path.
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| show | As much as 12 times wider than the bullets profile.
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| show | Deep upper extremity wounds ( commonly called defense wounds).
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| show | These tissue compress and stretch, resulting in greater damage more closely associated with the size of the temporary cavity. Hemorrhage is often severe.
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| What is the damage profile upon hollow organs? | show 🗑
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| show | Generally less extensive than other organs. If penetrated, it may upon air flow to the surrounding areas creating a pneumothorax.
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| show | Bone resists damage until it fractures.
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| What percentage of injuries occur to the extremities? | show 🗑
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| Which area of the extremities are more problematic during a trauma? | show 🗑
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| Which area of the abdomen should be cause for greatest concern? | show 🗑
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| show | Any large chest wound may compromise breathing and/or cause extensive damage to the multiple great vessels that occupy the area.
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| What is a concern with penetrating trauma to the neck? | show 🗑
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| show | Entrance wounds are typically limited to the size of the bullets profile, while exit wounds are larger and reflect the damage done within the bodies cavities.
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| How should you approach the scene of a violent crime? | show 🗑
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| What type of s/s should raise your index of suspicion of a tension pneumothorax? | show 🗑
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| How should you handle objects impaled in the body? | show 🗑
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| How should you handle objects impaled in the face, neck, or cheek? | show 🗑
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| show | A state of inadequate perfusion. The transitional stage between normal life and death.
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| What is glycolosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Kreb's Cycle. Aerobic respiration converting pyruvic acid into H2O, CO2, and 2 ATP.
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| What is the third stage of cellular metabolism? | show 🗑
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| show | CO2, Water, 36 ATP.
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| What problems can occur with metabolism when there is an O2 deficiency? | show 🗑
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| How much oxygen is present in the atmosphere? | show 🗑
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| show | 500 mL
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| What is external respiration? | show 🗑
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| show | In the capillaries, where the blood is rich in CO2.
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| What is internal respiration? | show 🗑
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| What is systolic blood pressure indicative of? | show 🗑
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| What does diastolic blood pressure represent? | show 🗑
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| What circulation situation causes a release of histamines? | show 🗑
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| show | 5 to 20%
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| show | Precapillary sphincters and vessels constrict and the post capillary sphincters and vessels dialate.
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| show | A mechanism occuring during respiration in which flucating pressures draw blood towards the heart, while valves in veins prevent backflow.
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| How much of an adult males weight is the cardiovasular system comprised of? | show 🗑
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| What percentage of blood in contained in the capilaries, venous system, and heart, arteries, and pulmonary system? | show 🗑
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| show | Decrease in heart rate, strength of contractions, and blood pressure. Decrease in respiratory rate, inducing brochoconstriction. Stimulation of the digestive system and kidneys.
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| What does an increase in sympathetic stimulation cause? | show 🗑
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| show | In the aortic arch and carotid sinus.
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| show | In the brain.
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| What is the cardioacceleratory center? | show 🗑
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| What is the cardioinhibitory center? | show 🗑
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| show | A sympathetic nervous center that regulates arterial and venous tone.
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| What causes the most rapid hormonal response to hemorrhage and cardiovascular insufficency? | show 🗑
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| show | Vasoconstriction and increases both vascular resistance and cardiac afterload.
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| What do Beta1 properties cause? | show 🗑
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| What do Beta2 properties cause? | show 🗑
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| Why is ADH released? | show 🗑
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| show | Increase in peripheral vascular resistance and causes the kidneys to retain water, decreasing urine output.
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| show | Causes spleenic constriction, returning up to 200 mL of blood to the circulatory system.
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| show | Released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure.
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| show | A potent vasoconstrictor lasting up to an hour.
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| show | Cause the kidneys to retain sodium and water.
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| show | Increase glucose production, reduce the bodies inflammatory response, prolong clotting time, wound healing, and infection fighting processes.
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| What is the first response of the body to a decrease in blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| What occurs to the pule pressure as the body continues to compensate for low blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| How does the body s respirations respond to compensated shock? | show 🗑
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| show | The relax and release even more lactic acid into the blood stream.
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| What is a critical difference of compensated shock from decompensated shock? | show 🗑
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| What are the signs and symptoms of compensated shock? | show 🗑
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| What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? | show 🗑
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| show | Caused by any significant reduction in the cardiovascular system.
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| show | Shock resulting from mechanisms that prevent the appropriate distribution of nutrients and remove of metabolic waste.
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| What are forms of distributive shock? | show 🗑
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| What is obstructive shock? | show 🗑
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| show | Shock resulting from a problem with the cardiovasular pump, the heart.
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| What is the prognosis for cardiogenic shock? | show 🗑
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| What is respiratory shock? | show 🗑
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| show | Shock resulting from and interruption in the communication pathway between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
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| show | An increase in 20 bpm above the demographics upper normal limit.
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| What ETCO2 readings suggest the need for ventilatory support? | show 🗑
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| What ETCO2 readings suggest the need for circulatory support? | show 🗑
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| What s/s may indicate spinal trauma? | show 🗑
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| show | Whole blood
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| What is the most practical fluid for prehospital treatment? | show 🗑
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| show | If your patient improves or you infuse 250-500 mL of fluid.
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| show | 80mmHg, 90mmHg for head injury patients.
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| How much fluid should be infused into children in regards to shock management? | show 🗑
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| What is the ideal catheter length for trauma patients? | show 🗑
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| What drugs may be considered for cardiogenic shock? | show 🗑
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| What drugs may be considered for spinal and obstructive shock? | show 🗑
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| What drugs may be considered for distributive shock? | show 🗑
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| show | Soft tissue injuries, accounting for over 10 million ER visits annually.
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| How many of these wounds will become infected? | show 🗑
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| show | Be pulled apart and thus spread widely or gape.
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| How many ER visits result in infection? | show 🗑
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| What is lymphangitis? | show 🗑
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| show | 45 - 60 mmHg in a muscle compartment.
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| How long is a limb required to be crushed before crush injury typically sets in? | show 🗑
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| What complication can result from high levels of myoglubin after a crush injury? | show 🗑
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| show | Non adherant dressings.
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| show | The promote clot formation.
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| How should you being you initial assessment in a soft tissue injury? | show 🗑
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| show | After the rapid assessment.
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| show | To control all hemorrhage, to keep the wound as clean as possible, and to immobilize the wound.
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| show | Direct Pressure.
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| When should you clean a wound? | show 🗑
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| What can be used to help control pain and edema? | show 🗑
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| show | Morphine in 2mg increments up to a total of 10mg. Fentanyl 25-50mcg initial dose followed by 25 mcg doses.
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| show | Observe for the presence of deformity and skull fracture.
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| What special consideration should be made when bandaging the ear and mastoid? | show 🗑
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| show | Pain, pallor, tingling, loss of pulse, prolonged capillary refill may indicate developing pressure and ischemia.
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| What pharmacological interventions may be necessary for crush injuries? | show 🗑
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| show | Tenting or peaking of the t-wave, a prolonged P-R interval, and S-T segment depression.
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| show | 6-8 hours
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| show | Wounds involving or possibly involving nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons, or muscles. Also, significantly contaminated wounds, an impaled object, or a wound received from an unclean environment.
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