Glossary of Terms used in Cardiopulmonary Pulmonary PT
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| show | Resistance of the flow of air in the lungs, created by the bronchioles
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| Aneurysm | show 🗑
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| show | Severe chest pain caused by relative deficiency of O2 supply to heart muscle. Manifestation of myocardial ischemia. S/S include: steady severe pain in heart region; pale ashen or livid face; pulse variable; usually quick & tense. Attacks last ~30 min
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| show | Used to control or prevent irregular cardiac rhythms
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| show | Delays of prevents blood coagulation. Pts on this medication bleed easily. Caution must be taken with shaking, percussion & handling
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| Apnea | show 🗑
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| show | Abnormal respiration marked by sustained inspiratory effort. Caused by surgical removal of the upper portion of the pons
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| Arrhythmias | show 🗑
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| Atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | The arterial walls thicken and lose their elasticity. Commonly called "hardening of the arteries"
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| Assisted cough | show 🗑
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| Asthma | show 🗑
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| show | Collapse of one or more lobes of the lung
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| Atrial septal defect | show 🗑
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| Atropine | show 🗑
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| Auscultation | show 🗑
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| show | Medications used to decrease HR, BP, contraction and stroke volume of heart & decrease O2 demands. Agents are utilized to treat: hypertension, angina, specific cardiac arrhythmias; post myocardial infarctions
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| Bradycardia | show 🗑
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| show | Abnormally slow breathing
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| Bronchiectasis | show 🗑
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| show | An obstructive lung disorder resulting in inflammation of the mucus membrane of the bronchial airways, results in a productive cough
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| show | Usually an inhaled medication to relax smooth muscles (bronchial), and open the airways
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| show | Medications used to increase contractility of the heart and decrease the heart rate
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| Cardiac output | show 🗑
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| show | Enlargement of the heart
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| show | The process of ventilating and circulating blood for a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest
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| Chest X-Ray (CXR) | show 🗑
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| show | A pattern of breathing common in severe head injuries or patients about to expire. There is an increase in inspiration followed by a series of gradually decreasing tidal volumes with a period of apnea
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| Chronic venous insufficiency | show 🗑
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| show | Any respiratory condition characterized by chronic abnormal expiratory flow rates. Decrease in the lungs ability to perform ventilation
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| show | A condition that affects the toes, fingers and the tips of the fingers. They take on a bulbous appearance due to chronic hypoxia
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| show | A cogenital heart defect resulting in narrowing of the aorta beyond the origin of the arteries that supply the extremities
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| Congestive heart failure (CHF) | show 🗑
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| Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | show 🗑
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| Cor pulmonale | show 🗑
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| Corticosteroids | show 🗑
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| Coughing | show 🗑
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| show | Bluish tinge to the skin from decreased oxygen and an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| Cystic fibrosis | show 🗑
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| Deconditioning | show 🗑
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| show | An inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus, may be life threatening
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| show | Excessive sweating
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| show | Type of breathing pattern used to improve gas exchange & increase lung volume. The patient is semi-reclined, during exhalation, gentle pressure is applied changing to firm pressure at end of exhalation. During inhalation, resistance is applied by PT
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| show | Decreased ability to breathe with ease, at rest or with exertion. Amount measured on a scale of +1 to +4; +1 is mild that is noticeable to the pt. only, +4 is severe difficulty with breathing & pt. cannot continue the activity
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| show | A blood clot that forms in one part of the body and travels to another part. The clot commonly travels to the heart or the lung obstructing an artery, can be life threatening
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| show | Thick, colored, malodorous, often frothy production of sputum from the lungs of patients with COPD. Laboratory analysis and the characteristics often aid in the diagnosis of, and classifying the severity of the disease
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| show | Rank or foul smelling. Sputum that usually occurs with cystic fibrosis or lung abcesses is described as ___________
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| show | The patient produces one or two forced expirations with low lung volume
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| Forced vital capacity (FVC) | show 🗑
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| Gallop rhythm (murmurs) | show 🗑
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| Graded exercise testing (GXT) | show 🗑
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| Heart block | show 🗑
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| Hemoptysis | show 🗑
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| show | Blood in the pleural cavity caused by a rupture of blood vessels resulting from inflammtion of the lungs in pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis
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| show | A respiratory exercise used to increase maximal expiration without increasing intrathoracic pressure. The patient will produce a sound similar to "Ha,Ha,Ha" during expiration
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| show | Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| Hypoxemia | show 🗑
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| Hypoxia | show 🗑
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| show | A hand held device used by patients to measure and encourage deep inspiration. Commonly used for patients that have been hospitalized for any length of time to decrease the chance of pneumonia
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| show | Insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to maintain the airway
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| show | A temporary lack of blood supply due to an obstruction of the circulation to the part. Lack of blood supply to the heart leads to angina pectoris
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| show | The removal of one or more lobes of the lung
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| Lymphatic disease (lymphedema) | show 🗑
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| show | The maximal amount of air exchanged in the lungs per unit ot time
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| Maximal heart rate reserve (HRR) | show 🗑
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| show | the amount of air exchanged into the lungs in one minute
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| show | The amount of oxygen the body utilizes while the patient is at rest
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| Mucoid | show 🗑
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| show | A mixture of mucoid sputum and pus and is assoicated with a pulmonary infection. Usually yellow or light green in color
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| show | Death of a tissue surrounded by healthy tissue, resulting from ischemia
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| Orthopnea | show 🗑
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| Orthostatic hypotension | show 🗑
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| show | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
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| show | Performing inhalation and expiration within the limits of the patient's capacity
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| Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | show 🗑
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| Percussion | show 🗑
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| Pericardium | show 🗑
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| show | Supplying of an organ or tissue with nutrients and oxygen by injecting blood or other suitable fluid into an artery
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| show | A serous membrane that surrounds both lungs and is replicated upon the walls of the thorax and diaphragm. Secretions assist with decreasing the resistance during respiratory movement
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| Pleural effusion | show 🗑
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| Pneumonia | show 🗑
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| Pneumothorax | show 🗑
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| Postural drainage | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary edema | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | show 🗑
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| Pursed lip breathing (gently blowing out candles) | show 🗑
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| show | Yellow or greenish sputum that is usually thick an dcopious, filled with pus, indicative of an infection
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| Rales or crackles | show 🗑
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| show | A peripheral vascular disorder found more commmonly in females between 1-30 years of age. Presents with abnormal vasoconstriction of the extremities when exposed to cold or under emotional stress
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| Red blood cells (RBC) | show 🗑
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| Rhonchi or wheezing | show 🗑
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| Segmental breathing | show 🗑
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| show | A bouncing procedure used to increase the effectivness of percussion and postural drainage. Pressure is applied to the rib cage during the expiratory phase following a deep inhalation
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| show | A high pitched, harsh sound heard during respiration. Resembling the sound of blowing wind due to an obstruction of the upper airway
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| show | The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricel with each heartbeat
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| show | Technique utilized to increase the inhaled volume; sustain, or improve alveolar inflation; maintain or restore functional residual capacity. Pt inspires slowly thru nose or pursed lips to maximal inspiration. Hold for 3 sec & exhale volume passively
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| Tachycardia | show 🗑
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| Tachypnea | show 🗑
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| show | A pre-selected heart rate determined to be within safe exercise limits for an individual patient
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| show | A congenital heart defect that includes a ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis. Blood received from both R & L ventricels-hypertrophy of R ventricle. Results in "blue baby"
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| show | Surgical incision of the chest wall
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| show | A chronic, recurring, inflammatory, vascular occlusive disease, chiefly affecting the peripheral arteries & veins of extremities-manifests itself in young male smokers. Usually begins distally & progresses proximally. Disease halts if stop smoking
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| show | The formation, development, or existence of a blood clot within the vascular system. Is a life-threatening event
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| show | A position in which the patient's head is low and the body and legs are on an elevated and inclined plane. Utilized during postural drainage. The head of the bed is tipped down 15 to 18 degrees
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| Valsalva maneuver | show 🗑
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| Vasodilators | show 🗑
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| Ventricular septal defect | show 🗑
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| show | The amount of white blood cells present in the blood can signify infection or the ability of the body to fight infection, if the count is elevated
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