Intro to Psych - College Network - CLEP
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| show | Interactions between people & their perceptions of these processes
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| show | Development of human cognitive & social processes throughout their life-span eg(observe children to investigate when first begin to play with others)
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| show | Physiological/Biological research to understand interaction between behavior & brain processes eg(rats in maze to test hypothesis on how learning occurs)
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| Clinical Psychologist | show 🗑
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| Counseling Psychologist | show 🗑
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| Industrial/Organizational Psychologist | show 🗑
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| show | Improving education/training thru learning & memory applied to daily situations
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| show | Effects of beliefs & ideas on perception
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| Behaviorist Movement | show 🗑
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| show | Focus on individual self & must include personal growth, identity & intention
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| show | Returned to study mental process although more scientifically rigid fashion now
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| show | Scientific study of human behavior & mental processes usually through Psychologist (MS or Ph.D)
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| Psychiatry | show 🗑
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| Naturalistic Observations | show 🗑
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| False Statement | show 🗑
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| False Statement | show 🗑
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| show | Psychological studies rarely involve the application of scientific processes
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| show | Psychologists rely on systematic observation and/or control of events to discover recurrent patterns of behavior or mental activity
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| Responsibility of a psychologist | show 🗑
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| show | Seeking to determine emotions kindergartners experience as they begin school for first time
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| Responsibility of a psychologist | show 🗑
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| Research focuses on way environmental conditions affect people's perception of certain events | show 🗑
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| show | Humanist Movement
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| Aspects of human functioning that are directly observable, measurable and publicly verifiable | show 🗑
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| Unobtrusive observation of people in social settings | show 🗑
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| show | Counseling psychologists study "normal" human interactions & processes
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| show | Personality Psychology
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| show | Focus on learning & thinking processes
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| show | Study interrelations of life events, cognitive interpretations, emotions and behavior
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| show | Psychoanalytic theory Neurology
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| Descartes | show 🗑
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| Locke | show 🗑
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| Mill | show 🗑
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| show | Mathematical equations
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| Helmholtz | show 🗑
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| Wundt | show 🗑
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| show | Philosopher Functionalist
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| show | Behaviorism
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| Binet | show 🗑
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| Wertheimer | show 🗑
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| Perls | show 🗑
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| Empiricism | show 🗑
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| show | Mill Ideas organized in mind based on initial association through experience of the stimulus
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| show | Wundt Scientific methods study structure of mind Most basic elements of ideas & how combine to form complex notions
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| Functionalism | show 🗑
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| Behaviorism | show 🗑
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| Gestalt | show 🗑
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| show | Freud Unconscious conflicts & their resolutions to explain human behavior Person't "psychic energy" = id, ego, super-ego
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| show | People & their behavior must be considered in context of biological systems, psychological processes and social influences
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| Mental Measurement | show 🗑
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| show | Geared to gaining knowledge & clarifying concepts with limited emphasis toward applicability
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| show | Involves active study and/or resolution of existing problems
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| Case Study | show 🗑
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| show | Case studies
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| Survey | show 🗑
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| show | Problems w/ surveys
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| Worthwhile research when subjects representative of population findings will be generalized for | show 🗑
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| Experiment | show 🗑
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| Manipulation of independent variable to see or get response of dependent variable | show 🗑
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| show | Simple description of phenomenon/situation
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| Documentation on how people are generally | show 🗑
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| show | Show how 2 phenomena/situations correspond to one another but NOT causal
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| show | Correlation study
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| Study where money is given to people or taken away to determine their happiness | show 🗑
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| Laboratories & Psychology | show 🗑
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| Controlling situation so extraneous variables do not intrude/influence study | show 🗑
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| show | Empiricism
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| show | Associationism
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| Study of the structure of the mind | show 🗑
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| Building blocks of ideas and ways ideas combine to form complex notions | show 🗑
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| show | Functionalism
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| Experience is function of patterns of the whole rather than sum of parts | show 🗑
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| Reintegration of three different systems within individual | show 🗑
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| Structure created to encompass various experiences | show 🗑
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| show | Psychoanalysis
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| show | Psychoanalysis
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| show | Biopsychocosocial
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| show | Often uses surveys
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| Studing various psychological problems humans experience in area of abnormal psychology | show 🗑
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| show | Epidemiological research
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| show | Percentage of individuals who have certain disorder during certain period of time
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| show | Number of new cases in given period
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| show | Incidence
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| Percentage of population who will have specific disorder at some time during life | show 🗑
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| Inferential Studies | show 🗑
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| show | Inferential Study
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| Experiments are | show 🗑
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| Covariation | show 🗑
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| Hindsight Bias | show 🗑
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| show | Before event so hypothesis tested by the study
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| Experimental Bias | show 🗑
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| Cross-validation | show 🗑
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| show | Cross-validation
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| show | Compiling results of numerous studies on particualr phenomenon & analyzing compiled data
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| Potential unknown/unmeasurable influenes on particular study minimized | show 🗑
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| Generating explanation of situation/event after it has already occurred | show 🗑
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| Empirical Research | show 🗑
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| show | Correlation Study
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| show | Experimental Study
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| show | Subjects chosen from overall population to be used for the research
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| Population | show 🗑
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| Representative Sample | show 🗑
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| Reliability | show 🗑
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| Validity | show 🗑
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| Frequency Distribution | show 🗑
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| Histogram | show 🗑
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| show | Entire set of data from lowest number to highest number
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| Outliers | show 🗑
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| Central Tendency | show 🗑
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| show | Arithmetic average of scores: Add all the values in the data set and divide by the total number of values
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| Mode | show 🗑
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| Median | show 🗑
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| show | Correspondence between scores/ratings of 2 different variables ranging from -1 to +1
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| Correlation Coefficient +1 | show 🗑
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| Correlation Coefficient -1 | show 🗑
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| Correlation Coefficient 0 | show 🗑
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| show | Degree to which research results have NOT occurred by chance typically at 0.05 (stating 99.5 accuracy).
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| Descriptive Statistics | show 🗑
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| Inferential Statistics | show 🗑
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| show | Inferential Statistics analyzing differences between 2 groups
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| show | Inferential Statistics analyzing differences between multiple groups
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| show | Special cells that are part of the complex network on the nervous system
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| Nervous System | show 🗑
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| Central Nervous System | show 🗑
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| Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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| Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | Carry information from various sense organs to brain
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| Interneurons | show 🗑
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| show | Carry information from brain to muscles
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| show | Network of filaments carrying information from other neurons to cell body
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| Cell Body | show 🗑
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| Axon | show 🗑
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| Neuron Anatomy | show 🗑
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| Nodes of Ranvier | show 🗑
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| Myelin | show 🗑
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| show | electric charge at rest (-70mlv)
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| Refractory Period | show 🗑
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| Synapse | show 🗑
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| show | Structures at nerve cell gap that transmit neurotransmitters
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| Neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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| Excitatory Neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| Inhibatory Neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| Neuron Action Potential | show 🗑
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| Agonists | show 🗑
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| show | Drugs which inhibit effects of neurotransmitter
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| Supports ability of humans to think and act | show 🗑
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| Patrick's scale consistently yields 4oz error | show 🗑
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| Of the 750 people included in our study, 81% reported a decrease in symptoms following treatment | show 🗑
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| Center of all nervous system activity | show 🗑
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| 3 main sections of brain | show 🗑
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| show | "oldest" part of brain first to develop in course of evolution 2 structures: pons/medulla
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| Medulla | show 🗑
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| show | Relay station Sorts out & redirects individual nerve impulses Influences sleep-wake cycle
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| Influences sleep-wake cycle | show 🗑
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| show | Medulla
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| Contains Medulla & Pons | show 🗑
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| "Oldest" part of brain | show 🗑
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| show | Brain Stem
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| show | Medulla
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| show | Medulla
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| Controls involuntary reflexes | show 🗑
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| show | Pons
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| Reticular Activating System (RAS) | show 🗑
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| Bundle of nerve fibers responsible for arousal from sleep | show 🗑
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| Filters sensory information in/out of consciousness | show 🗑
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| Midbrain | show 🗑
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| Cerebellum | show 🗑
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| Coordination of movement & muscle development | show 🗑
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| Cerebellum & Limbic System | show 🗑
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| show | Septum, Amygdala, Hippocampus Handles basic emotional functioning
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| show | Limbic System
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| show | Limbic System
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| Septum | show 🗑
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| show | Produces rage when stimulated
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| show | When septum damaged - anger, aggression, violence
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| Hippocampus | show 🗑
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| Processes new memories | show 🗑
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| show | Trauma to Hippocampus
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| Thalamus | show 🗑
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| Organizes nerve impulses passing between parts of cerebral cortex | show 🗑
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| Directs impulses resulting from sensory experiences except smell to appropriate regions in cortex | show 🗑
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| Hypothalamus | show 🗑
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| Thirst, temperature, hunger | show 🗑
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| show | Medulla
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| Eye blinks, breathing, involuntary swallowing | show 🗑
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| Hormonal regulator | show 🗑
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| show | Hypothalamus
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| show | Major pleasure center
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| Major pleasure center | show 🗑
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| Reward Pathway | show 🗑
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| Cerebral Cortex | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| 80% of brain | show 🗑
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| Hemispheric specialization | show 🗑
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| Left Hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | Left Hemisphere
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| show | Left Hemisphere
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| Right Hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | Right Hemisphere
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| show | Right Hemisphere
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| More involved in perception of emotions | show 🗑
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| Corpus Callosum | show 🗑
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| show | Severing Corpus Callosum
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| Frontal Lobes | show 🗑
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| show | Frontal Lobes
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| Parietal Lobes | show 🗑
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| Occipital Lobes | show 🗑
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| Temporal Lobes | show 🗑
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| show | Ability of brain to compensate for certain injuries/malformations
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| show | Up to age of 5
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| Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | Connects central nervous system to voluntary muscles
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| show | Connects central nervous system to involuntary organs/muscles
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | Sympathetic Nervous System
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| show | Parasympathetic Nervous System
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| Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous Systems | show 🗑
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| Involuntary Control | show 🗑
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| show | Somatic Nervous System
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| show | Glands that influence metabolism, emotional states, sexual development/reproduction, horomones
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| show | Command Center for endocrine system
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| show | Controls Hypothalamaus "Master Gland"
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| Thyroid/Parathyroid | show 🗑
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| show | Release adrenaline - fight/flight
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| show | Produces insulin to control sugar metabolism
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| show | Physical development, sexual behavior & reproduction
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| show | Controlled by Autonomic Nervous System
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| show | Process of converting physical energy of environment into neural energy processed by nervous systems
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| show | Process by which external energy becomes neural impulses
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| show | Information enters body (sensation) and then we interpret this information (perception)
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| show | Organize/interpret sensory information to understand it cognitively
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| show | Vision - most complex Audition Gustation - taste Olfactory Kinesthesia
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| show | Point one perceives external stimulus
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| show | No single absolute threshold - different for each person based on experience, expectation, motivation, fatigue level
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| Difference threshold | show 🗑
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| JND - Just Noticeable Difference | show 🗑
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| Feature detectors | show 🗑
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| Brain assembles perceived image | show 🗑
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| Sensory adaptation | show 🗑
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| Weber's Law | show 🗑
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| Absolute difference between 2 stimuli not as important as percentage of difference | show 🗑
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| Synesthesia | show 🗑
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| Sensory receptors connected to "wrong" nerves | show 🗑
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| show | Synesthesia
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| show | Sensory adaptation
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| Cornea | show 🗑
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| Iris | show 🗑
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| show | Behind pupil Changes shapes depending on distance Becomes less malleable with age
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| show | Photoreceptors of eye where image finally focused
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| show | Center point in retina where image focused
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| show | Slender, elongated, cylinder-shaped photoreceptors sensitive to change in light waves
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| show | Rods
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| Cones | show 🗑
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| Color perception | show 🗑
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| show | Retina has 3 types of color receptors: red, green blue
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| show | 2 additional color processes: red vs green and yellow vs blue
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| show | Staring at color image, see same image in "opposite" colors after shifting eyes away
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| Cones function as predicted | show 🗑
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| show | Hering's theory
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| show | Nerves for visual transferrence: Electrical impulses via optic nerve and thalaums to visual cortex of brain
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| show | Feature receptors: nerves programmed only to perceive particular shapes, colors, movements, etc.
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| Perception of particular shapes, colors, movement, etc | show 🗑
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| Properties of sound | show 🗑
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| Amplitude | show 🗑
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| Frequency | show 🗑
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| Pure Sound | show 🗑
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| show | Sharpness of a sound
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| Place Theory | show 🗑
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| Frequency Theory | show 🗑
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| show | Place Theory
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| show | Frequency Theory
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| Conduction Deafness | show 🗑
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| Nerve Deafness | show 🗑
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| show | Pressure, warmth, cold, pain
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| show | Early warning signal indicating something wrong
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| Gate Control Theory | show 🗑
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| Kinesthesia | show 🗑
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| Equilibratory sense | show 🗑
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| Dizziness - Motion Sickness | show 🗑
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| Olfactory Organs | show 🗑
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| show | Triggered in cerebral cortex & limbic systems via olfactory nerves connected to the olfactory bulb triggering memories of past events
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| Phermones | show 🗑
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| show | Sense of taste through receptors located on surface of tongue, pharynx and larynx projected to thalamus then sensory cortex of brain where becomes correlated with information from olfactory organs
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| Taste buds | show 🗑
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| Sense of Taste | show 🗑
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| show | Tip of tongue
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| Salty Taste | show 🗑
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| show | Sides of tongue
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| Bitter Taste | show 🗑
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| show | Means by which 1 sense influences/interacts with another (smell and taste together)
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| show | Processing sensation so they can be understood cognitively
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| Attention | show 🗑
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| show | Position sense organs to maximize ability to process stimuli
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| Cupping ear - squinting | show 🗑
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| show | Prioritizing some stimuli over other & ignoring low-priority stimuli
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| show | Selective Attention
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| show | Biological limitations to amount of stimulation we can process
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| Capacity Model | show 🗑
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| show | Gestalt psychologists
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| show | Focal point discernible from surroundings
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| Ground | show 🗑
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| show | True Statement
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| Visual Grouping | show 🗑
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| show | Visually grouping nearby figures together
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| Similarity | show 🗑
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| Continuity | show 🗑
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| show | Completing figures with gaps to create a whole object
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| Connectedness | show 🗑
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| show | Ability to see objects in 3-D to estimate distance
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| Binocular cues | show 🗑
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| Retinal disparity | show 🗑
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| Convergence | show 🗑
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| show | Visual cues processed by each eye separately: Relative size Linear perspective Texture gradient Relative motion Overlap
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| Relative size | show 🗑
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| Linear perspective | show 🗑
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| Texture gradient | show 🗑
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| show | Ability to see objects as unchanging even if illumination & retinal images change by size, shape & brightness
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| Identifying things regardless of distance, illumination or angle viewed | show 🗑
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| show | If we are aware of object's color, we will continue to perceive the object as that color
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| Visual acuity | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs when person's belief or expectation influences perception
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| show | Perceptual set
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| show | Abiity to differentiat something from the other stimuli surrounding it
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| show | The greater the likelihood it will be selected for further perceptual processing: Motion Repitition
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| Illusions | show 🗑
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| show | Illusion
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| show | Effects perception in that we notice or see what interests us
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| show | Predisposed way we perceive somthing usually from past experiences
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| ExtraSensoryPerception | show 🗑
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| Telephathy | show 🗑
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| show | ESP - perception of remove events in time/space
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| Precognition | show 🗑
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| show | "Beside Psychology" Individuals who attempt to use scientific methods to study ESP
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| show | Awareness of external environment as well as internal events such as thoughts & feelings.
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| show | Process events one at a time giving each our undivided attention
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| Unconscious (Automatic) Processing | show 🗑
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| Driving a car: monitoring speed, placement on road, pressure of foot on pedals, hands on steering wheel | show 🗑
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| Avoiding hitting cars | show 🗑
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| show | Ability to focus on only limited aspect of all we are capable of experiencing
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| Focusing on one conversation that is no louder than other conversations going on in same area | show 🗑
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| Sleep Stages | show 🗑
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| Stage 1 Sleep | show 🗑
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| show | Appx 20 min Relax more deeply EEG - bursts of brain wave activity Awakens easily
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| show | Transitional few minuts EEG - beginnings of delta waves
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| show | Appx 30 minutes initially Resistant to awakening Walk/Talk in sleep EEG - large slow delta waves
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| show | After appx 1 hour, deep sleep for 10 min in Stage 4 Important role in learning Most dreams occur
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| show | REM Cycle
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| show | Daily life experiences Most common: falling, being chased/attacked and attempting but failing to do something
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| show | Dreams helpful to process experiences for day & encode disturbing/anxiety-provoking events
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||||
| show | Release of taboo feelings blocked by defense mechanisms when awake.
🗑
|
||||
| Activation-Synthesis Theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hobson & McArthy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Problems related to amount, time, quality of sleep
🗑
|
||||
| Insomnia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormal events occur during sleep
🗑
|
||||
| Narcolepsy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Intermittent periods of arrested breathing during sleep
🗑
|
||||
| show | Frequent & disruptive nightmares
🗑
|
||||
| show | Screaming or talking incoherently during Stage 4 in first few hours of sleep. Rarely wakens fully and often does not remember anything upon waking
🗑
|
||||
| Sleep & Age | show 🗑
|
||||
| Delirium | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Delirium
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pervasive cognitive impairment from compromised nervous system. Attend conversations & focus attention but have troubles with memory
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dementia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Impairment of memory caused by neurological problems interfering with self-identity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Focused attention is relaxed/lessened Inhibition lowered Anxiety reduced Pain perception lowered
🗑
|
||||
| Highly hynotically susceptible people | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1st stage of Hynosis Focusing attention on constant or repetitive imagined stimulus becoming relaxed but alert & focused on this one thing
🗑
|
||||
| Suggestion | show 🗑
|
||||
| Concerns with hypnosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Dissociation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mental exercise to control one's consciousness by focusing on sounds/images and attaining state of relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| Stress Reduction | show 🗑
|
||||
| Alpha Waves | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Occur during sleep stages 3 and 4
🗑
|
||||
| Psychoactive Substances | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Heroin, opium, morphine, methadone, codeine, demerol, darvon, percodan
🗑
|
||||
| show | LSD, mushrooms
🗑
|
||||
| show | Marijuana and hashish
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glue and gasoline
🗑
|
||||
| Chemicals | show 🗑
|
||||
| Energy, exhileration, talkativeness and mood elevation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Common everyday stimulants
🗑
|
||||
| Mild overdose of stimulants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Heart attacks, seizures, death
🗑
|
||||
| show | Long-term effects of stimulants
🗑
|
||||
| show | Develops fairly rapidly with stimulants, CNS depressants and cannabinoids
🗑
|
||||
| show | Feeling like nothing is enjoyable
🗑
|
||||
| Withdrawl of psychoactive substances | show 🗑
|
||||
| Slow heart rate, relax muscles and promote sleep | show 🗑
|
||||
| CNS depressants first effects | show 🗑
|
||||
| Alcohol part of postwork routine around the world | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Depress CNS leading to relaxation, slurred speech, impaired motor coordination
🗑
|
||||
| show | More specific than barbiturates thus safer
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sleepiness, emotional dysregulation, lack of coordination and decreased judgement
🗑
|
||||
| show | Blackouts, unconsciousness, coma leading to death
🗑
|
||||
| Combining barbiturates & alcohol | show 🗑
|
||||
| Withdrawl from CNS depressants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| Korsokoff's syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| Opiates | show 🗑
|
||||
| Narcotics | show 🗑
|
||||
| Opioids | show 🗑
|
||||
| Methadone | show 🗑
|
||||
| Overdose of opioids | show 🗑
|
||||
| Endorphins | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | De-automatization, sensory illusions occur and experience synesthesia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hallucinogens
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased awareness of cognitive processes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Unusual & frightening psychological experiences while intoxicated
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hallucinogens
🗑
|
||||
| show | Marijuana & hashish
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cannabinoids
🗑
|
||||
| Enhanced visual and auditory perception, decreased short-term memory functioning, decreased physical coordination, possible paranoia/panic | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cannabinoid withdrawl | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Primarily related to practice of smoking
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glue, amyl nitrate, kerosene, paint thinner
🗑
|
||||
| Inhaled and most often 1st used product by adolescents | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Toxic solvents (poisons)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Headaches, spasms, irregular heartbeat, occasional death
🗑
|
||||
| show | Related to speed of route of ingestion
🗑
|
||||
| Quicker route of absorption | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | More addictive the substance
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tolerance
🗑
|
||||
| Body rebounding in opposite direction when not taking substance | show 🗑
|
||||
| Learning behavior | show 🗑
|
||||
| Learning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Simplest form of learning Repeated exposure, association or connection of sequential events
🗑
|
||||
| Maturation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Required state for learning to occur | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ability to learn | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Neutral stimulus paired with one that elicits automatic/unconditioned response - Pavlov's expereiment)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Classic conditioning
🗑
|
||||
| Pavlov | show 🗑
|
||||
| Unconditioned response | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Stimulus that always triggers natural biological process (UR) (food)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Learned response exhibited in response to conditioned stimuls (CS)(dog's saliva procudtion in response to bell, tone, light, empty food bowl)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Neutral stimuls paired with unconditioned stimulus so will eventually com to produce the same response (bell, tone, light, empty foot bowl)
🗑
|
||||
| Skinner | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Skinner Passive learning Associating behaviors with consquences either punishment or reward
🗑
|
||||
| show | Change in environment following behavior & increased likelihood behavior will be repeated - good or bad
🗑
|
||||
| show | Naturally enjoyable - food
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ojbect/event becomes associated with primary reinforcer - money to buy food
🗑
|
||||
| Positive reinforcement | show 🗑
|
||||
| Negative reinforcement | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Application of aversive stimulus decreased likelihood individual will repeat a behavior
🗑
|
||||
| show | Process of gradually guiding natural behavior toward another behavior through reinforcement
🗑
|
||||
| Successive approximation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Acquisition | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Process which several related responses learned through operant conditiong
🗑
|
||||
| Learning everything one can about the ball, stance, bat, light, wind to become the best baseball batter | show 🗑
|
||||
| Generalization | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Generalization
🗑
|
||||
| Discrimination | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gradual breaking of the stimulus-response pattern due to lack of reinforcement (ignoring behavior will lead person to stop)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Reinforcement every time desired behavior is performed
🗑
|
||||
| Intermittent reinforcement | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Intermittent reinforcement
🗑
|
||||
| Ratio schedules | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fixed Ratio schedule | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fixed Interval schedule | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fixed schedule | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Reinforcement applied after certain amount of time
🗑
|
||||
| Variable schedule | show 🗑
|
||||
| Constant & regular responses thru unpredictability | show 🗑
|
||||
| Variable Interval schedule | show 🗑
|
||||
| Variable Ratio schedule | show 🗑
|
||||
| Instinct drift | show 🗑
|
||||
| Natural instinct response limits capacity for operant conditioning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Psychologist studied insight
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gaining sudden understanding of relationship between various parts of a problem/situation
🗑
|
||||
| Recognition of relationship between various parts of a problem/situation to solve it | show 🗑
|
||||
| Kohler's Experiment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Kohler's Insight
🗑
|
||||
| Bandura | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Learning by observing & imitating another's behavior (reinforcement/punishment guide outcome)
🗑
|
||||
| Effective observation learning | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bobo Doll Experiment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Requires behavior to be within skill/range of learner
🗑
|
||||
| Auditory memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Echoic memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Recalling question when not actually having paid attention to it | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Occurs with little or no effort - automatically without awareness or paying special attention
🗑
|
||||
| Ability to recreate day's events | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Recalling information best in environment learned
🗑
|
||||
| Taking test is same classroom as studied | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Allows us to remember facts or events Long-term Semantic & Episodic
🗑
|
||||
| Semantic memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Semantic memory
🗑
|
||||
| show | Declarative memory involving remembering personally experienced events
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rentention of information requiring effort & attention - Rehearsal
🗑
|
||||
| Rehearsal | show 🗑
|
||||
| Conscious repition of information | show 🗑
|
||||
| Encoding | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Conscious memory of facts & experiences
🗑
|
||||
| show | Clear though not always accurate memory of significant event
🗑
|
||||
| Remembering details of Kennedy's assassination, but not the day before or after | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Visual memory See traces of images
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory memory allowing us to see traces of images AKA Iconic memory
🗑
|
||||
| Remembering swinging light | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Use of mental pictures for encoding & retrieval of memory Retrieval cue
🗑
|
||||
| show | Retrieval of information without conscious awareness
🗑
|
||||
| show | Modern View of sensing, perceiving, learning, thinking & remembering Automatic & Efforfull
🗑
|
||||
| show | Limitless amount of information stored for life time if occured after certain level of maturation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Remembering how to do something. Long-Term memory
🗑
|
||||
| show | Storage & access of mental representation of knowledge via hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Incorporation of inaccurate information regarding event from others into own recollection
🗑
|
||||
| Mnemonic devices | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of implicit (w/o conscious awareness) memory activating related associations Retrieval cue
🗑
|
||||
| show | Previously learned information interferes with recall of newly learned information
🗑
|
||||
| show | Retrieval of previously learned information not currently in conscious awareness
🗑
|
||||
| Recognition | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Recognition
🗑
|
||||
| Repression | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Extracting iinformation from memory for use
🗑
|
||||
| show | Provide reminder for information not otherwise accessable from memory: Priming & Imagery
🗑
|
||||
| Retroactive interference | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sensory memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ability to recall first or last piece of a group of information rather than the middle
🗑
|
||||
| Remembering "ABCD" and "WXYZ" only | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Information activley attented to which lasts 15-30 seconds - Working memory - Intentional memory
🗑
|
||||
| show | Short-term memory Working memory Intentional memory
🗑
|
||||
| show | Learning over time enabling better long-term retention than cramming
🗑
|
||||
| show | Spacing effect
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ability to recall information when in same internal state as learned it
🗑
|
||||
| Being in same internal state when recalling information as learned it | show 🗑
|
||||
| Storage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Working memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Remember certain details then add further information based on what believed to have happened from subtle suggestions
🗑
|
||||
| show | Reconstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Accomodation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Assimilation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ways in which aquire, retain, interpret, use knowledge
🗑
|
||||
| Psychological processes & social/external influences on knowledge | show 🗑
|
||||
| Concrete operations stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Stage child begins to understand conservation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Idea that given quantity remains same despite shape changes
🗑
|
||||
| show | 12 - adulthood Characterized by ability to reason abstractly
🗑
|
||||
| show | Formal operations stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2 - 6 y/o Words & images represent things Ability to pretend Egocentric
🗑
|
||||
| Stage lack logical reasoning but pretend & egocentric | show 🗑
|
||||
| Schemas | show 🗑
|
||||
| Allows children to adapt to environmental demands as new experiences are assimilated or accomodated | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sensorimotor stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Object performance, separation anxiety, stranger anxiety | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cannot perceive things from another's viewpoint
🗑
|
||||
| show | Connection between instinctual behavior & learning
🗑
|
||||
| Learning multiplaction tables by rehearsing them outloud | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Associating new concept with previous knowledge
🗑
|
||||
| show | Altering previous knowledge in light of new concepts
🗑
|
||||
| Perceptions of the world that develop out of and are organized around individual's experiences | show 🗑
|
||||
| Intellectual development according to Piaget | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Designed to determine what has already been learned
🗑
|
||||
| Aptitude tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Best known aptitude test
🗑
|
||||
| Requirements of tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Contends different cognitive abilities are distinct but correlated
🗑
|
||||
| "g" factor | show 🗑
|
||||
| Infants level of response to stimuli | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ability to learn information & solve problems
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nature, genetics (60%) and environment
🗑
|
||||
| show | Intelligence quotient - number to describe level
🗑
|
||||
| 95% of population IQ levels | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Impaired intellectual functioning combined with impaired social functioning affecting about 3% of population
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mild Moderate Severe Profound
🗑
|
||||
| Mild retardation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Moderate retardation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Severe retardation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Most devastating form Require close supervision and highly structured environments
🗑
|
||||
| show | Abstract concept is eventually viewed as reality itself
🗑
|
||||
| show | "g" factor leading to IQ
🗑
|
||||
| show | Frames of mind: Linguistics Logical - Math Spatial Musical Bodily kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal
🗑
|
||||
| Sternberg | show 🗑
|
||||
| Imagination | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Well developed knowledge base
🗑
|
||||
| Intrinsic motivation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Venturesome personality | show 🗑
|
||||
| "g" factor suggests | show 🗑
|
||||
| IQ scores vary across racial groups due to | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ginny excels at reading, writing, literacy Marie excels at math, statistics, numerical analysis Which has higher IQ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Clinical settings
🗑
|
||||
| Babbling | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Set of rules that enable us to communicate thru language
🗑
|
||||
| show | Primary vehicle thru which humans express thoughts
🗑
|
||||
| show | Whorf Language determines thought
🗑
|
||||
| show | Won't be considered per Whorf
🗑
|
||||
| show | Small variation of thing most likely to be perceived/considered per Whorf
🗑
|
||||
| Morphemes | show 🗑
|
||||
| One-word stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Phonemes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Two-word stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Parts of language | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Two-word stage
🗑
|
||||
| Child's use of one-syllable words that carry meaning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Language
🗑
|
||||
| Skinner | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Skinner
🗑
|
||||
| Chomsky | show 🗑
|
||||
| Surface structure (syntax/grammer and deep structure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Chomsky
🗑
|
||||
| Eskimos have many words for snow (perceived subtle differences) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thought
🗑
|
||||
| Algorithm | show 🗑
|
||||
| Slower problem solving technique which is less prone to error | show 🗑
|
||||
| Availability heuristic | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Availability heuristic
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bias when searching for information to confirm or support preconceived ideas
🗑
|
||||
| Asking leading questions to solve/discover truth of situation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fixation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Way topic presented which can affect judgement or decision-making process
🗑
|
||||
| Cell phone ad showing boss being able to be away from the office | show 🗑
|
||||
| Functional fixedness | show 🗑
|
||||
| Heuristics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Heuristic
🗑
|
||||
| Insight | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mental set | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thinking about thinking in order to improve cognitive ability
🗑
|
||||
| Prototypes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bird may be "seen" as any flying bird as opposed to an Emu/Ostrich | show 🗑
|
||||
| Representativeness heuristic | show 🗑
|
||||
| Trial and error learning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Example of functional fixedness
🗑
|
||||
| show | Drives person's intensity, persistence and effort to obtain goal
🗑
|
||||
| show | Strong illusory belief one is fat resulting in self-starvation
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2nd component sexual response cycle
🗑
|
||||
| show | Arousal phase
🗑
|
||||
| Bulimia nervosa | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1st component sexual response cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Increased blood flow & lubrication to genital area | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Biological causes of thirst caused from combination of intracellular/extracullar processes/exchange
🗑
|
||||
| show | Energy/tension developing from specific need
🗑
|
||||
| Extrinsic motivation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Extrinsic
🗑
|
||||
| Homeostasis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hunger & thirst | show 🗑
|
||||
| Intimacy | show 🗑
|
||||
| Intrinsic motivation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Lazy, unreliable and motived by money/reward employees as seen by | show 🗑
|
||||
| Motivated workers for reasons other than reward/money as seen by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pyramid theory prioritizing needs over behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Biological/Psychological Needs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Security & stability in Maslow's theory
🗑
|
||||
| Belongingness | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Competence, independence, success leading to respect from others in Maslow's theory
🗑
|
||||
| Self-actualization | show 🗑
|
||||
| Increase hunger | show 🗑
|
||||
| Depress hunger | show 🗑
|
||||
| Specific hunger | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Driving force influencing behavior & focusing it toward an end
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lack of a biological necessity
🗑
|
||||
| show | 3rd component of sexual response cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle spasms with dominating sense of pleasure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Final component of sexual response cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Body returns to normal | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sensate focus | show 🗑
|
||||
| Set point | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Difficulty in one phase of sexual response cycle
🗑
|
||||
| show | Biological
🗑
|
||||
| show | Learned thru experience
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pain Gate Theory
🗑
|
||||
| show | Human motivation in 3 criteria: Attention Consequences Dissatisfaction
🗑
|
||||
| show | Murray Responding to pictures w/o clear directions/significance (ink blots?)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Innate fixed pattern of behavior
🗑
|
||||
| show | Instinct
🗑
|
||||
| Cannon-Bard theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Emotional release or venting of anger
🗑
|
||||
| James-Lange theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Feeling glad/happy after smiling and sad after frowning | show 🗑
|
||||
| Polygraph | show 🗑
|
||||
| Schachter's two-factor theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Components of emotions | show 🗑
|
||||
| Basic emotions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Guilt, shame, love
🗑
|
||||
| Fear | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Occurs dispite absense of any real danger
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cannon-Bard theory
🗑
|
||||
| Behavior genetics | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cognitive development | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cognitive development
🗑
|
||||
| show | Similarity with regard to given trait
🗑
|
||||
| Twin Studies | show 🗑
|
||||
| Conventional level | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Measures difference in people at 1 age or at 1 point in time
🗑
|
||||
| Studying groups of 1st graders | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Focuses on both the common & unique ways people grow & develop during course of lifetime
🗑
|
||||
| show | Measures characterics of individuals over time to see how they grow/change
🗑
|
||||
| Physical development | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Physical development
🗑
|
||||
| Postconventional level | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Kohlberg: Rightness of behavior determined on its rewards/punishment by society
🗑
|
||||
| show | Erickson: 8 stages of development progregessing through each crisis, resolution allowing one to move to next stage and develop new virtue
🗑
|
||||
| Social-emotional development | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Social-emotional development
🗑
|
||||
| Gender Studies | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 8 stages of Virtue
🗑
|
||||
| Kohlberg | show 🗑
|
||||
| Gilligan | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tablua rasa "blank slate" Strong belief in nurturing shaping development
🗑
|
||||
| show | Heredity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Environment
🗑
|
||||
| Study focusing on changes across different dimensions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Longitudinal or Cross-sectional
🗑
|
||||
| show | Psychological and social characteristics
🗑
|
||||
| Eight stages of development proposed by Erik Erikson; each stage involves a specific crisis, and resolution of this crisis will allow an individual to successfully move on to the next stage and develop a new “virtue.” | show 🗑
|
||||
| Trust vs mistrust | show 🗑
|
||||
| Autonomy vs self-doubt | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Resolution: self-confidence Lack of Resolution: lack of self-confidence
🗑
|
||||
| show | Resolution: adequate social/intellectual skills Lack of Resolution: feelings of failure, inadequacy
🗑
|
||||
| Identity vs role confusion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Resolution: closeness & committment to another Lack of Resolution: feeling of aloneness, separation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Resolution: ability focus beyond self Lack of Resolution: self-indulgence, lack of foresight
🗑
|
||||
| show | Resolution: satisfaction with life Lack of Resolution: futility, despair, disappointment
🗑
|
||||
| Infants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Autonomy vs self-double Self-efficacy (capabilities)
🗑
|
||||
| Preschoolers | show 🗑
|
||||
| School-age | show 🗑
|
||||
| Adolescents | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Intimacy vs isolation Closeness & commitment to another
🗑
|
||||
| Middle adult | show 🗑
|
||||
| Late adult | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pairs of genes inherited (1 ea) from parents
🗑
|
||||
| show | Blood sample from mother during 16-17wk of pregnancy indicated possible birth defects
🗑
|
||||
| show | Progressive & irreversible brain disorder
🗑
|
||||
| show | Test done 16-18wk of pregnancy to determine presence certain birth defects
🗑
|
||||
| show | Amniocentesis
🗑
|
||||
| Attachment | show 🗑
|
||||
| Imprinting | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ainsworth | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dictated rules, expectation of compliance w/o explanation or reasoning or open discussion
🗑
|
||||
| show | Imposed rules explained and open to discussion
🗑
|
||||
| show | Authoritative
🗑
|
||||
| show | Structures in cells containing DNA & protein
🗑
|
||||
| Building blocks | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Accumulated knowledge which continues to increase throughout life cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Embryonic Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fetal Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fetal Stage - 7th month
🗑
|
||||
| Fetoscopy | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fluid intelligence | show 🗑
|
||||
| Intelligence which decreases with age | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Extra 21st chromosome abnormality
🗑
|
||||
| Generativity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Genes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Genetic Counselors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Genetic patterns of alleles that cannot be seen but can be modified through external exposure
🗑
|
||||
| Germinal Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Germinal Stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Alleles that are different
🗑
|
||||
| show | Alleles that are identical
🗑
|
||||
| Identity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Menarche | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Awareness objects exist even when out of view Piaget's sensorimotor stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Parents acquiesce to child's demands, make few requirements and rarely if ever use punishment
🗑
|
||||
| show | Observatlbe traits of a person...hair/eye color
🗑
|
||||
| Rejecting-neglecting Parenting | show 🗑
|
||||
| Teratogens | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common Teratogen | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sonogram of fetus to look for possible birth defects
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical cord assessment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 5 Stages of Death & Dying: Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
🗑
|
||||
| show | More vulnerable to illness Not as intellient Eventually beome senile Death preoccupies thoughts
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cognitive development stages: Sensorimotor - Learn sensory & motor contact Preoperational - Logical reasoning concrete Postoperational - Abstract reasoning
🗑
|
||||
| show | Based on biological maturation: lift head while prone - 2mo roll over - 3 to 4 mo sit up w/o support - 5 to 6 mo Pulls self up to stand - 7 to 9 mo Crawls - 7 to 12 mo
🗑
|
||||
| Language & motor abilities develop rapidly | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Toddler
🗑
|
||||
| show | Toddler
🗑
|
||||
| show | Early Childhood
🗑
|
||||
| Storm & Stress | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Storm & Stress
🗑
|
||||
| Develop concrete reasoning as well as hypothetical reasoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Adolescence
🗑
|
||||
| show | Adolescence
🗑
|
||||
| show | Kohlberg's Preconventional Stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Trust vs mistrust
🗑
|
||||
| Identical twins separataed at birth excel at mathemtacial skills & perform far above average levels on standardized tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cross-sectional study physical development
🗑
|
||||
| 80 year old generally pleased with his life but disappointed with strained relationship with son | show 🗑
|
||||
| Period from 3rd wk to 9th wk after conception | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Germinal Stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fetal Stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Genotypes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Freud’s second stage of psychosexual maturation, which involves the task of becoming toilet trained during years two and three.
🗑
|
||||
| Compulsion, stubborness, controlling, perfectionist | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anal Stage problems
🗑
|
||||
| Archetypes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Jong's collective conscious symbols | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Branch of psychology founded on the notion that observable behavior is the only appropriate focus of psychology.
🗑
|
||||
| Behavior entirely conditioned thru environment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ego defense mechanism that involves developing alternative behaviors and traits to make up for weaknesses.
🗑
|
||||
| Anxiety | show 🗑
|
||||
| Denial | show 🗑
|
||||
| Displacement | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ego (I) | show 🗑
|
||||
| In contact w/ external world & functions under reality principle | show 🗑
|
||||
| Electra complex | show 🗑
|
||||
| Phenomenon of girls in Phallic Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The failure to resolve a certain psychosexual stage.
🗑
|
||||
| Becoming stuck due to stage being blocked causing inability to progress thru maturity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Genital Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Humanistic theories | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The Freudian component of personality that strives to gain immediate gratification without concern for its cost or effect upon others.
🗑
|
||||
| show | id
🗑
|
||||
| Identification | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ego defense mechanism that involves reducing anxiety by adopting values and standards of important others.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Freud’s fourth stage of psychosexual maturation, during which children’s cognitive abilities and ego develop and their sexual development is largely “on hold.”
🗑
|
||||
| show | Silyman Passive resignation, or a feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and depression that is sometimes experienced by people who face repeated traumatic events that they have no control over.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Theories of personality that focus on learned patterns of behavior and cognitive interpretation of events.
🗑
|
||||
| Locus of control | show 🗑
|
||||
| Moral anxiety | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Unrealistic fear that one’s instincts will rule one’s behavior, thereby causing one to act in contrast to the demands of society, which will result in punishment.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A model that explores the relationship between people or things (objects) and the individual’s perceptions of these objects, based on the underlying concept that two people may see the same object but experience two extremely different reactions.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The phenomenon in human development that occurs anywhere from ages three to five when boys develop a bond with their mother and develop a fear of or rivalry with their father.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Oedipus complex
🗑
|
||||
| show | Freud’s first stage of psychosexual maturation, during which children are focused on oral activities such as sucking nipples, fingers, and nearly anything else they can get into their mouths.
🗑
|
||||
| Eating disorders, smoking, drinking, excessive talking | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Patterns of human behavior, cognition, and affect as they occur in everyday life across situations and over time.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Freud’s third stage of psychosexual maturation, during which children become aware of their genitals and begin to experience pleasure through fondling or rubbing them.
🗑
|
||||
| Stage where super-ego develops | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pleasure principle | show 🗑
|
||||
| Projection | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychodynamic theories | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Freud’s five stages of maturation: oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Psychosexual stages
🗑
|
||||
| Rationalization | show 🗑
|
||||
| Reaction formation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Realistic anxiety | show 🗑
|
||||
| Reality principle | show 🗑
|
||||
| Learning to delay gratification while seeking long-term pleasure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ego defense mechanism that involves reverting to an earlier developmental behavior to decrease anxiety.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A kind of motivated forgetting, in which a person does not remember something because of the emotional pain or anxiety it causes.
🗑
|
||||
| Self-actualization | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sublimation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Superego (over I) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Superego
🗑
|
||||
| show | A person’s consistent behaviors and attitudes that last over time and across situations.
🗑
|
||||
| Major focus of psychological research | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The process of defining categories of personality based on common traits rather than the personality traits of an individual.
🗑
|
||||
| Adler | show 🗑
|
||||
| Adler | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Personality sum of person's interests, goals & desires
🗑
|
||||
| Jung | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Spirituality containing archetypes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Individuals need for love & security
🗑
|
||||
| show | Childhood experiences solidify personality before adulthood
🗑
|
||||
| Horney | show 🗑
|
||||
| Erikson | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Establishing basic trust
🗑
|
||||
| show | Time for establishing identity
🗑
|
||||
| Erikson & Adulthood | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Locus of control
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rotter Take credit for own success & blame other for failure
🗑
|
||||
| show | Controlled by world: chance, fortune, fate
🗑
|
||||
| Rotter: better coping skills and greater sense of control | show 🗑
|
||||
| Seligman | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rogers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rogers Parents honest & open with children
🗑
|
||||
| Acceptance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rogers Parents view/understand thru child's view
🗑
|
||||
| show | An assessment process that aims to interpret a person’s responses and characteristics in a natural environment.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Behavioral assessment
🗑
|
||||
| show | A process that requires a client to respond (in person rather than on paper) to ambiguous questions, situations, or tasks so that the person conducting the assessment can interpret the responses.
🗑
|
||||
| Five-factor model "Big 5" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Acronym for the five-factor model
🗑
|
||||
| Idiographic approaches | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Approaches to studying personality that look at specific elements of personality (e.g., warmth or agreeableness) across groups of individuals, typically ignoring the context within which these elements or traits are enacted.
🗑
|
||||
| Self-efficacy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Self-efficacy
🗑
|
||||
| show | The tendency to think of oneself favorably.
🗑
|
||||
| 90% people think they are above average in dealing/getting along with others | show 🗑
|
||||
| Objective tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| MMPI2 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Business & career counseling still use though not reliable/valid in empirical sense
🗑
|
||||
| show | Widely used in clinical, counselling & educational settings of the Big 5
🗑
|
||||
| 16PF | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Allows one to "project" unconscious needs/wants onto ambiguous stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| TAT | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sentence completion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ego & Reality
🗑
|
||||
| Decreasing anxiety by making one less vulnerable according to Horney | show 🗑
|
||||
| Abnormality | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormality
🗑
|
||||
| show | The scientific study of those aspects of human emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning that cause distress and maladaptivity.
🗑
|
||||
| Biopsychosocial framework | show 🗑
|
||||
| Study that does not specify a particular direction of causation between elements | show 🗑
|
||||
| Etiology | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The inability to respond effectively to one’s environment.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Either cause disturbance to individual or individuals behavior disturbs those around them
🗑
|
||||
| GAF | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormality result of physical causes while focusing on brain function
🗑
|
||||
| Psychodynamic Model | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormality result of reinforecement in behavior considered abnormal to avoid "punishment" from environment
🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormality result of programming to move toward self-actualization (resolution).
🗑
|
||||
| Mismatch of behavior imposed by society and who individual actually is | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormality result of unresolved conflicts or inability to accept certain aspects of reality
🗑
|
||||
| Interpersonal Model | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormality influenced by aspects of socity like discrimination, poverty, lack of social support
🗑
|
||||
| show | Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5 sections)
🗑
|
||||
| Axis I | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Disorders categorized
🗑
|
||||
| show | Physical/Medical contributing factors
🗑
|
||||
| show | Environmental contributing stressors
🗑
|
||||
| Axis V | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychodynamic's abnormal behavior | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychopathological models with greatest impact | show 🗑
|
||||
| DSM does NOT | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Axis III disorders contribute to presence of Axis I disororders
🗑
|
||||
| Acute schizophrenia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Agoraphobia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Agoraphobia
🗑
|
||||
| show | A loss of memory for events, which may even involve loss of memory of one’s identity.
🗑
|
||||
| Antisocial personality disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Antisocial personality disorder
🗑
|
||||
| Anxiety disorders | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sympathetic Nervous System activated despite absence of real danger | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | GAD Panic disorders Phobias
🗑
|
||||
| Avoidant personality disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Biofeedback | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A mood disorder characterized by extreme or rapid fluctuations between depression and mania.
🗑
|
||||
| Borderline personality disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| One personality disorder receiving lots of study | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A form of schizophrenia characterized by negative symptoms, conspicuous thought disturbances, evidence of cerebral atrophy, and generally poor response to neuroleptics.
🗑
|
||||
| Conversion disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hysteria | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A psychological disorder that involves the presence of a persistent delusion or misbelief about an aspect of one’s existence or reality.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bizarre and often unsettling beliefs that are implausible.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A personality disorder in which affected individuals desire close relationships with others but tend to use those relationships for consistent reassurance and to avoid the risk of attempting things on their own.
🗑
|
||||
| Dissociative disorders | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dissociative disorders
🗑
|
||||
| show | A dissociative disorder characterized by the coexistence of two or more identities within the same person; formerly called multiple personality disorder.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A low-level chronic depression greater than two years in duration.
🗑
|
||||
| Factitious disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fugue State | show 🗑
|
||||
| General adapation syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Involves excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events for a period of at least six months, resulting in symptoms including restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or sleep disturbance.
🗑
|
||||
| Seyle | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hallucinations | show 🗑
|
||||
| Health psychology | show 🗑
|
||||
| Lack of social support leads to coronary heart disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| Histrionic personality disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypochondriasis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypomania | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypomania
🗑
|
||||
| show | A mood disorder characterized by long-lasting emotions of sadness, irritability, emptiness, apathy, self-hate, and guilt that affect an individual’s entire body.
🗑
|
||||
| Appr 15% population will suffer of this during their lifetime | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Major depression
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased susceptibility to pathogens, increased cancer & death and impaired immuno competence
🗑
|
||||
| show | Intentional production of symptoms, or lying about symptoms, in order to receive an environmental reinforcer.
🗑
|
||||
| Manic episode | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mood disorders | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A personality disorder in which affected individuals expect exemptions from typical social or work rules and regulations and often manipulate and take advantage of others.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by a lack of significant activity; examples include anhedonia, apathy, flat affect, and social isolation.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Person experiences obsessions, or recurrent and intrusive thoughts or images that he or she cannot control, and attempts to eliminate the anxiety associated with them by carrying out repetitive, intentional behaviors called compulsions.
🗑
|
||||
| Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An anxiety disorder in which brief episodes of intense fear are accompanied by multiple physical symptoms that occur repeatedly and unexpectedly in the absence of any external threat.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A specific instance of unexpected, intense fear or anxiety, including shortness of breath, increased heart rate, dizziness, perspiration, choking sensations, trembling, or other bodily sensations, as well as a fear of dying or “going crazy.”
🗑
|
||||
| show | Panic disorder
🗑
|
||||
| Paranoid personality disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Paranoid personality disorder
🗑
|
||||
| show | Disorders characterized by stable, deviant, inflexible patterns of social behavior and intrapsychic experiences.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Personality disorders
🗑
|
||||
| show | Symptoms of schizophrenia that involve increased activity; examples include hallucinations, delusions, excitement, and disorganized speech.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Develops after exposure to a life-threatening trauma or some other trauma-inducing experience; the affected individual reexperiences the trauma through flashbacks or dreams and experiences intense distress when exposed to similar situations.
🗑
|
||||
| Psychogenic pain disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychosomatic illness | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A personality disorder characterized by distant interpersonal behavior and an apparent lack of interest in relationships with others.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Severe psychological disorder characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and deterioration in one’s general level of functioning.
🗑
|
||||
| Social phobia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Somatoform disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Schizotypal personality disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A fear of being painfully embarrassed in a social setting.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Highly strung individuals who focus on deadlines, competition, and achievement.
🗑
|
||||
| Type B Individuals | show 🗑
|
||||
| Paranoid | show 🗑
|
||||
| Disorganized | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarities of voluntary movement or sterotyped movements predominate
🗑
|
||||
| show | No single clinical presentation predominates
🗑
|
||||
| Residual | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The process of investigating aspects of an individual’s situation systematically to generate hypotheses regarding the problems involved, their causes and effects, and potential solutions.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The process of using the information collected during an initial assessment and determining how the patient’s problems fit into a general classification scheme.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Approaches to treatment that view any single problem in the context of a larger system, whether the system is the client’s personality, interpersonal relations, or society.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A brief interview screening a patient’s degree of orientation to place, person, and the time and purpose of meeting.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Approaches to treatment in which a particular problem or symptom is chosen as the focus, and specific techniques are employed to alleviate the problem.
🗑
|
||||
| Structured interviews | show 🗑
|
||||
| Unstructured interviews | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Global therapies
🗑
|
||||
| show | Diagnosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mental status examination
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specific therapies
🗑
|
||||
| Cenceptualization of problems then looking for means of addressing them | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Psychotherapy, Rx, education, methods like biofeedback
🗑
|
||||
| Objective tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Having pt explain, describe or respond to presented stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Behavioral observation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Anticonvulsants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Another term for anticonvulsants
🗑
|
||||
| Depakote, Lamictal, Neurontin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Medications used to treat depression; the three primary categories of these drugs are tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Antidepressants
🗑
|
||||
| show | Antidepressants
🗑
|
||||
| show | SSRI - antidepressants
🗑
|
||||
| show | A method that focuses on changing a person’s thoughts to reduce his or her problematic symptoms of depression or anxiety.
🗑
|
||||
| Time limited & concrete goal oriented therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| Automatic thoughts | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of group therapy in which the client is a couple, and the primary goal is to help the couple learn how to solve their problems together.
🗑
|
||||
| Group therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Common with ECT
🗑
|
||||
| show | The ability to see the world through another person’s eyes.
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| Humanistic tools for psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | A kind of group therapy that attempts to change the system of interactions between family members.
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| Patient's behavior result of being forced upon or as a scapegoat of more powerful family member revealed | show 🗑
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| Flooding | show 🗑
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| Operant condition therapies | show 🗑
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| Free association | show 🗑
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| Individuals not only censor throughts from others, but also from self-recognition | show 🗑
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| Genuineness | show 🗑
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| High-potency benzodiazepines | show 🗑
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| Meds which take effect quickly, easily become dependnt too and have severe withdrawl symptomes | show 🗑
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| Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam | show 🗑
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| show | A form of salt that is considered to be the primary treatment for bipolar disorder which is 80% effective when taken
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| show | Lithium
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| show | A brain operation formerly used to treat severe chronic schizophrenia.
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| show | Lobotomy
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| Problems are learned | show 🗑
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| show | Humanistic view
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| show | Psychoanalytic & Psychodynamic view
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| show | Systemic desensitization
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| Modeling | show 🗑
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| Neuroleptics | show 🗑
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| Dopamine affected | show 🗑
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| Thorazine, Haldol, Zyprexa, Seroqual | show 🗑
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| Antipsychotic drug effective as long as taking | show 🗑
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| show | Neuroleptics
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| show | Therapies that focus largely on the social relations the patient has: those in the past with parents and others, those in the present with significant others, and the relationship that develops between the patient and the therapist.
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| Therapy focusing on therapist focussing on changing how client relates with others through relationship with client | show 🗑
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| show | Ellis A cognitive approach to therapy in which the therapist approaches the client in a directive manner to identify irrational beliefs, refute them, and give responsibility to the patient to extinguish those beliefs.
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| Systemic desensitization | show 🗑
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| show | The unconscious act of transferring the feelings one has for an important person in one’s life to someone else.
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| show | Transference
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| show | The ability to be emotionally close to another person and offer him or her hope and caring.
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| show | Parkinson-like symptoms & tardive dyskinesia
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| Ellis | show 🗑
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| Most common treatment for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders | show 🗑
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| show | Mental status examination
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| show | Structured interview
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|
||||
| show | Physical or verbal behavior performed to injure or destroy another person, animal, or object.
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| show | Aggression
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| show | Caring for others without intent of self-gain.
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|
||||
| show | Convictions and opinions that affect our response to things, people, situations, and events.
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|
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| Influence behavior when outside influences minimized | show 🗑
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| show | A theory proposing that people explain the behavior of one another by examining a person’s dispositions (internal causes) and situations (external causes).
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| Disposition | show 🗑
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| show | External cause
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| show | A term used to describe the fact that people are much less likely to help someone in trouble if there are other bystanders who also do not help
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|
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| Cognitive dissonance theory | show 🗑
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| Conformity | show 🗑
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| show | The phenomenon in which a person acts without restraint or self-consciousness when he or she feels anonymous within a group setting
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||||
| show | Deindividuation
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|
||||
| show | The error that occurs when we analyze someone’s behavior and underestimate the influence of external factors (situations) and overestimate the influence of internal factors (dispositions)when making judgments
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|
||||
| Groupthink | show 🗑
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| Steps to avoid groupthink | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Forming 2) Storming - intragoup conflict for control 3) Norming - cohesiveness & close relationships with common expectations 4) Performing - fully functioning 5) Adjourning - preparing to disband as objectives met
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|
||||
| Norms | show 🗑
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||||
| Obedience | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Groups that allow people to define themselves as members and consequently feel that the group is significant
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|
||||
| Role expectation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Role perception | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Guides for socially appropriate behavior that people develop based on societal norms
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|
||||
| show | A theory proposing that if an individual perceives that the rewards for helping will outweigh the costs, then that person will become willing to help
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|
||||
| show | A term used to describe how people will do less work as the size of the group performing a task increases
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|
||||
| Social psychology | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Social psychology
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|
||||
| show | A goal that is important to two groups and requires them to work together
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|
||||
| show | The tendency to seek out other humans which helps decrease anxiety of being alone
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|
||||
| Attraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An identity linked to both a subculture and the larger culture
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|
||||
| show | The definition of one’s identity based on a group’s identity, which awards priority to group goals - Interdepedency (Eastern culture)
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|
||||
| Compassionate love | show 🗑
|
||||
| Culture | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ethnicity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Self-awareness forced from being different from surroundings | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A relationship that builds upon liking with the added component of a mutual perception of similarity
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|
||||
| Gender | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A person’s sense of which gender he or she belongs to, which sometimes does not correspond to the person’s observable biological characteristics
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|
||||
| Gender roles | show 🗑
|
||||
| Over lifespan, women become more dominate and men become less so | show 🗑
|
||||
| Individualism | show 🗑
|
||||
| Liking | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A deep, intense, aroused state of love, usually present in the beginning of a love relationship
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|
||||
| Prejudice | show 🗑
|
||||
| Scapegoating | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most affected measure of central tendency by outliers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Behavioral approach
🗑
|
||||
| "Response latency is number of seconds that elapse between stimulus & response" is an example of | show 🗑
|
||||
| Releast of neurotransmitter information into synaptic cleft caused by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Resting state
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hallucinations and impaired effiency in all areas of intellectual functioning
🗑
|
||||
| Rods more dense in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Brain waves in REM sleep | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Variable ratio schedule
🗑
|
||||
| show | Reinforcement
🗑
|
||||
| Recall performace on typical forgetting curve | show 🗑
|
||||
| How is information processed | show 🗑
|
||||
| In an inverted U shaped functional model, which levels will lead to poorest performance | show 🗑
|
||||
| Longitudinal research is perferred since subjects | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Identifying
🗑
|
||||
| Angered, firt impulse is to strike at person but insteads yells & kicks door | show 🗑
|
||||
| Projective tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pessimistic & moody person classified by Eysenck | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NEP: Neurotic/Unstable vs Stable Extroverted vs Introverted Psychotic vs Normal
🗑
|
||||
| Key distinction between personality trait & attitude | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Unwanted thought
🗑
|
||||
| Similarity, proximity and familiarity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bystander effect
🗑
|
||||
| Levels of compassion per Sternberg | show 🗑
|
||||
| Job satisfaction has inverse relationship with | show 🗑
|
||||
| Focusing on individual's ability or personality characteristics | show 🗑
|
||||
| Best diagnostic tool used when studying focal brain activity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Temperment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Latent learning
🗑
|
||||
| Humanistic approach emphasizes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Negative transfer
🗑
|
||||
| Hostility | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Problematic social relationships & inflexible and maladaptive responses to stress
🗑
|
||||
| Attempts to correct irrational beliefs that lead to psychological distress | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Detailed investigation of single subject/topic from which findings generalized
🗑
|
||||
| show | Show how 2 pheonomena/situations correspond to onte another
🗑
|
||||
| Study that does NOT prove causation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cross Validation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Complining results of numerous studies on particular phenomena & analyze data
🗑
|
||||
| show | Seeing object as unchanging even with light/retinal sensation changes
🗑
|
||||
| Contract Perception | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Taking "new experience" and incorporating into existing concept/idea
🗑
|
||||
| show | Expanding on'e schemas (concepts from past experience) when no longer adequate
🗑
|
||||
| show | General intelligence exists in people and may vary across individuals of same level.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Physiological & emotional reactions to stimuli occur simultaneousl
🗑
|
||||
| James-Lang Theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Emotions | show 🗑
|
||||
| Components of emotions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Positive Correlation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acohol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Negative Reinforcement
🗑
|
||||
| Aptitute Test | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Refractory
🗑
|
||||
| Returning wallet found with money also | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Transference
🗑
|
||||
| Depressed patient can see significant results from meds | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Applied Research
🗑
|
||||
| To a dog, a bone is | show 🗑
|
||||
| Series of dates to remember on immediate recall | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Representative heurestic
🗑
|
||||
| Kohlber's stage one's decisions justified by internal standards | show 🗑
|
||||
| Germinal stage starts from | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Forming identity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Latent
🗑
|
||||
| Longitudinal studing degree of extraversion in people from several countries | show 🗑
|
||||
| Negative symptom of schitzophrenia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Amnesia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Depression
🗑
|
||||
| show | Become more prejudiced
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
flanurse
Popular Psychology sets