biological psycholo
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| show | the study of the bioloical bases of psychological processes and behaviors.
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| neuroscience | show 🗑
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| behavioral neuroscience | show 🗑
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| show | In the context of evolution, referring to a trait that is passed on from a common ancestor to 2 or more decendant species
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| show | the process by which an individual changes in the course of it's life time - that is, grows up and grows old.
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| neuron | show 🗑
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| somatic intervention | show 🗑
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| independant variable | show 🗑
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| dependant variable | show 🗑
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| show | an approach to finding relations between body variables and behavioral variables that involves invtervening in the behavior of an organism and looking for resultant changes in body structure or function.
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| show | the covariation of two measures.
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| neural plasticity | show 🗑
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| show | the notion, promoted by Descartes, that the mind is subject only to spiritual interactions, while the body is subject only to material interactions.
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| phrenology | show 🗑
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| conciousness | show 🗑
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| show | the study of tissue structure.
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| gross neuroanatomy | show 🗑
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| neurophysiology | show 🗑
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| show | the distribution of key chemicals, such as transmitters and enzymes, within the structure of the nervous system.
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| show | also called psychpharmacology, the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior.
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| neuron or nerve cell | show 🗑
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| show | the hypothesis that the brain is composed of seperate cells that are distinct structurally, metabolically and functionally.
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| synapse | show 🗑
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| show | also called glia or neuroglia, nonneural brain cells that provide structural, nutritional, and other types of support to the brain.
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| mitocondrion | show 🗑
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| show | the spherical central structure of a cell that contains the chromosomes.
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| show | structures in the cell body where genetic information is translated (protiens are produced).
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| dendrite | show 🗑
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| input zone | show 🗑
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| cell body or soma | show 🗑
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| show | the part of the neuron that initiates nerve activity if the sum of all inhibitory and excitatory post synaptic potentials exceeds a threshold value. Usually corresponds to the neuron's axon hillock.
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| axon | show 🗑
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| show | the part of the neuron over which the nerve's electrical signal may be actively propageted. Usually corresponds to the cell's axon.
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| axon terminal | show 🗑
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| output zone | show 🗑
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| multipolar region | show 🗑
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| show | a nerve cell that has a single dendrite at one end and a single ax`on at the other end.
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| show | a nerve with a single brance that leaves the cell body and then extends in 2 directions: one end is the receptive pole, and the other end the output zone.
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| show | also called a motor neuron, a nerve cell in the spinal cord that transmits motor messages from the spinal cord to muscles.
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| show | a neuron that is directly affected by changes in the environment, such as light, odor or touch.
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| interneuron | show 🗑
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| show | a star-shaped glial cell with numerous processes (extensions) that run in all directions.
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| Golgi stain | show 🗑
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| Nissl Stain | show 🗑
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| show | a histological technique that shows the distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues.
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| immunocytochemistry (ICC) | show 🗑
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| show | a method for detection particular RNA transcripts in tissue sections by providing a neucletide probe that is complementary to, and wil therefore hybridize with, the transcript of interest.
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| immediate early genes (IEGS | show 🗑
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| show | an immediate early gene commonly used to identify activated neurons.
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| horseradish peroxidase (HRP) | show 🗑
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| show | also called microglia, extremely small glial cells that remove cellular debris from injured or dead cells.
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| myelin | show 🗑
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| myelination | show 🗑
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| show | a gap between successive segments of the myelin sheath where axon membrane is exposed.
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| show | literally meaning "many scars"; a disorder characterized by widespread degeneration of myelin.
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| oligodendrocyte | show 🗑
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| Schwann cell | show 🗑
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| edema | show 🗑
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| arborization | show 🗑
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| presynaptic | show 🗑
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| show | referring to the region of a synapse that recieves and responds to neurotransmitter.
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| show | the specialized membrane of the axon terminal of the neuron that transmits information by releasing the neurotransmitter.
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| show | the specialized membrane on the surface of the cell that recieves information from a presynaptic neuron.
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| show | the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements
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| show | a small, spherical structure that contains molecules of synaptic transmitter.
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| show | also a synaptic transmitter, chemical transmitter or transmitter, the chemical released from the presynaptic axon terminal, that serves as the basis of communication between neurons.
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| show | also called a receptor molecule, a protien that captures and reacts to molecules of a transmitter or hormone.
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| dendritic spin | show 🗑
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| neural plasticity | show 🗑
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| axon hillock | show 🗑
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| axon collateral | show 🗑
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| axonal transport | show 🗑
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| peripheral nervous system | show 🗑
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| central nervous system (CNS) | show 🗑
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| show | a collection of axons bundled together outside the central nervous system.
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| cranial nerve | show 🗑
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| show | also called somatic nerve, a nerve that emerges from the spinal cord.
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| show | the part of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural connections to glands and to smoothe muscles of internal organs.
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| show | the brace if a spinal nerve, entering the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, that carries sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the spinal cord.
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| venral root | show 🗑
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| cervical | show 🗑
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| show | referring to the 12 spinal segments below the cervical (neck) portion of the spinal cord, corresponding to the chest.
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| lumbar | show 🗑
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| show | referring to the 5 spinal segments that make up the lower part of the lower back
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| show | referring to th lowest spinal vertebra (also known as the tailbone).
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| autonomic ganglia | show 🗑
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| show | "before the ganglion", referring to the neurons in the autonomic division that run from the autonomic ganglia to various targets in the body.
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| show | "after the ganglion", referrin to neurons in the autonomic nervous system that run from the central nervous system to the autonomic ganglia.
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| sympathetic nervous system | show 🗑
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| sympathetic chain | show 🗑
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| show | one of two systems that compose the autonomic nervous system. arises from both the cranial nerves and the sacral spinal cord.
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| enteric nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | the right and left halves of the forebrain.
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| gyrus | show 🗑
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| sulcus | show 🗑
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| frontal lobe | show 🗑
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| parietal lobes | show 🗑
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| show | large lateral cortical regions of each cerebral hemispheres continuous of the parietal lobes posteriorly, and seperated from the frontal lobe by the sylvian fissure.
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| show | large regions of cortex covering much of the posterior part of eache cerebral hemisphere.
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| Sylvian fissure | show 🗑
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| show | a fissure that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
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| cerebral cortex | show 🗑
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| show | the strip of parietal cortex, just behind the central sulcus that recieves somatosensory information from the entire body.
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| show | the strip of frontal cortex, just in front of the central sulcus, that is crucial to motor control.
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| corpus collosum | show 🗑
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| show | a shiny layer underneath the cortex that consists largely of axons with white myelin sheaths.
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| grey matter | show 🗑
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| show | an embryonic structure with subdivisions that correspond to the future forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
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| show | also called the prosencephalon, the frontal division of the neural tube, containing the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus.
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| midbrain | show 🗑
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| show | also called the rhombcephalon, the rear division of the brain, which, in the mature vertabrate, contains the cerebellum, pons and medulla.
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| telencephalon | show 🗑
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| show | the posterior part of the forebrain, including the thalimus and the hypothalimus.
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| metencephaon | show 🗑
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| cerebellum | show 🗑
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| pons | show 🗑
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| myelencephalon or medulla | show 🗑
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| show | the region of the brain that consists of the midbrain, the pons and the medulla.
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| show | here, an anatomical collection of neurons within the central nervous system.
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| show | a bundle of axons found within the central nervous system.
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| basal ganglia | show 🗑
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| caudate nucleus | show 🗑
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| putamen | show 🗑
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| globus palladis | show 🗑
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| substantia nigra | show 🗑
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| limbic system | show 🗑
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| amygdala | show 🗑
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| show | a medial temporal lobe structure that is thought to be important for learning and memory.
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| fornix | show 🗑
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| show | a critical portion of the lymbic system, found in the frontal and parietal midline.
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| show | an anterior basal structure that recieves olfactory (smell) imputs from the nasal cavaties.
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| show | one of the pair of nuclei at the base of the brain.
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| show | the brain regions that surround the third ventricle.
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| hypothalamus | show 🗑
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| show | paired structures on the dorsal surface of the midbrain, rostral to the inferior colliculi that recieve visual information.
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| inferior colliculi | show 🗑
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| tectum | show 🗑
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| show | a brainstem structure related to motor control.
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| reticular fromation | show 🗑
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| show | a type of large nerve cell in the cerebellar cortex.
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| granule cell | show 🗑
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| show | on of the axons of the granule cells that form the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex.
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| show | cerebral cortex that is made up of 6 distinct layers (formerly referred to as the neocortex).
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| show | brain tissue with 3 layers or unlayered organization.
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| show | a type of large nerve cell that has a roughly pyramidal-shaped cell body; found in the cerebral cortex.
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| apical dendrite | show 🗑
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| basal dendrite | show 🗑
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| cortical column | show 🗑
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| meninges | show 🗑
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| dura mater | show 🗑
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| show | the inntermost of the 3 meninges that surround the brain and the spinal cord.
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| show | the thin covering(one of the 3 meninges) of the brain that lies between the dura mater and pia mater.
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| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | show 🗑
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| meningitis | show 🗑
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| show | a system of fluid filled cavities inside the brain.
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| lateral ventricle | show 🗑
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| show | a highly vascular portion of the lining of the ventricles that secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
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| third ventricle | show 🗑
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| show | the passageway within the pons that recieves cerebrospinal fluid from the 3rd ventricle and releases it to surround the brain and spinal cord.
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| show | the major arteries that ascend the left and right sides of the neck to the brain.
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| anterior cerebral arteries | show 🗑
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| show | two large arteries, arising frm the internal carotids, that provide blood to most of the lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.
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| vertebral arteries | show 🗑
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| show | an artery formed by the fusion of the bertebral arteris, that supples blood to the brainstem nd to posterior portions of the cerebral hemispheres.
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| posterior cerebral arteries | show 🗑
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| circle of Willis | show 🗑
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| show | damage to a region of the brain tissue that results from blockage or rupture of vessels that supply blood to that region.
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| blood-brain barrier | show 🗑
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| show | a specialized x-ray image of thehad, taked shortly after the cerebral blood vessels hae ben filled with a radiopaque dye by means of a catheter.
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| computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT) | show 🗑
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | show 🗑
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| show | a technique for examining brain function by combining tomography with injections of radioactive substances used by the brain.
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| functional MRI (fMRI) | show 🗑
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| show | a method for visualizing brain activity in which near-infared light is passed through the scalp and scull.
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| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) | show 🗑
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| show | a passive and noninvasive functional brainimaging technique that measures the tiny magnetic fields produced by active neurons, in order to identify regions of the brain that are particularly active during a given task.
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| show | an atom or molecule that has aquired an electrical charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
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| show | a negatively charged ion, such as a protien or chloride ion.
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| show | a positively charged ion, suc as a potassium or sodium ion.
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| show | also called cytoplasm, the watery solution found within cells.
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| extracellular fluid | show 🗑
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