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Psychology Chapter 7 Cognition and Language

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show The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating  
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show A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.  
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Prototype   show
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show A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier - but also more error-prone - use of heuristics.  
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show A simple thinking thinking stratagey that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithims.  
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show A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions; revelation  
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Confirmation Bias   show
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Fixation   show
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show A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem.  
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Functional Fixedness   show
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show Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information.  
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show Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness). We presume such events are common.  
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show Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.  
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)   show
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show Computer circuits that mimic the brain's interconnected neural cells, performing tasks such as learning to recognize visual patterns and smells.  
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show Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning  
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show In a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.  
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show In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).  
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show In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.  
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show The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning.  
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Syntax   show
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Babbling Stage   show
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show The stage in speech developement, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.  
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show Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech developement during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements.  
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Telegraphic Speech   show
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show Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think.  
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Critical Period   show
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show Believed that people has this innate knowledge is often referred to as universal grammar.  
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show Skinner argued that each act of speech is an inevitable consequence of the speaker's current environment and his behavioral and sensory history, and derided mentalistic terms such as "idea", "plan" and "concept" as unscientific and of no use in the study  
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Overconfidence   show
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show Framing is the process of selectively using frames to invoke a particular image or idea. This idea is often associated with a pre-conceived cultural metaphor.How survey questions are framed  
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show Whorf's hypthesis that language determinds the way we think.Ex: 1984 society taking away the word "religion" so people will not have priorites before the Party.  
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