Arkansas Tech - Plant Pathology
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| When was the first plant mycoplasma discovered? | show 🗑
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| Do mycoplasmas have a cell wall? | show 🗑
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| Who cultured a mycoplasma in 1898 for the first time? | show 🗑
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| Name two examples of mycoplasmas: | show 🗑
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| show | Doi & Ishii
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| When they are young, mycoplasmas resemble a ______________. | show 🗑
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| show | 3-layered membrane
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| show | assumes many different shapes
(mycoplasma cells are pleomorphic)
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| show | Red (gram -)
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| What do mycoplasmas look like in culture? | show 🗑
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| How are mycoplasmas transmitted in the field? | show 🗑
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| Do antibiotics work on mycoplasmas? | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria
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| show | UV light
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| What microbe was first observed in L-phase? | show 🗑
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| show | It doesn't have a cell wall.
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| When were Rickettsia microorganisms discovered? | show 🗑
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| How do Rickettsia stain? | show 🗑
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| show | Pierce's Disease of grape
Phony Peach (look great then crash)
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| Can Rickettsia be treated with penicillan? | show 🗑
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| What type of cell wall do Rickettsia have? | show 🗑
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| Describe Rickettsia | show 🗑
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| Do Spiroplasmas have a cell wall? | show 🗑
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| show | Spiroplasma citri
(Citris Stubburn)
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| Describe what a Spiroplasma looks like. | show 🗑
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| show | Fungi
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| show | saprophytic (loves dead things)
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| How many fungal species cause plant diseases? | show 🗑
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| Name the 4 main classes of fungi | show 🗑
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| show | break down dead material into fertile soil; used as medicine (penicillin); some are edible (mushrooms); fermentation (bread, wine, cheese, beer)
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| show | filaments
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| thallus | show 🗑
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| hypha(e) | show 🗑
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| show | are cross-walls in hypha
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| show | hypha w/ cross-walls
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| show | no cross-walls ("coenocytic")
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| show | hypha
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| describe a fungal cell: | show 🗑
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| show | can be uninucleate, binucleate, or multinucleate
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| show | a mass of hyphae (but you can see the seperate hypha)
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| show | a thick interwoven strand of hyphae (like a mop); can't distinguish the individual hyphae
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| show | can go dormant when conditions are bad then resume growth when conditions are better
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| show | by a spore - a propogative unit that functions as a seed, but differs in that it does not contain a pre-formed embryo
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| show | by a spore inside the hyphae
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| show | a spore inside the hyphae
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| show | in Holland in early 1900
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| show | a fungus
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| show | Dutch Elm Disease
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| How did Dutch Elm Disease get to the U.S.? | show 🗑
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| show | all 50 states
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| What class is Dutch Elm Disease? | show 🗑
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| show | perithecium
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| show | 1. a natural root graft
2. Bark Elm Beetle
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| show | beetle overwinters in vascular system of a diseased elm; female will lay eggs in xylem; eggs hatch and larvae will pupate and fly out, carrying fungus and feed on healthy trees
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| show | 1. beetle gallery
2. brown xylem ring
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| Name DED's external symptoms: | show 🗑
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| show | 1. cut & burn the tree
2. get a resistant cultivar ("American Liberty")
3. chemical barrier in the Chinese Elm
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| show | object on which a fungus grows and gets food
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| most primitive fungus | show 🗑
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| show | 15,000
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| Describe the hyphae in class Phycomycetes. | show 🗑
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| hastoria | show 🗑
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| show | sexual reproductive structure for class Phycomycetes
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| conidiospore | show 🗑
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| show | Phycomycetes
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| show | 1400
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| show | hyphae are septated
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| show | class Ascomycetes
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| ascus | show 🗑
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| describe what an ascus looks like | show 🗑
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| show | a mass of hyphae with ascospores emerging
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| conidiospores on conidiophores | show 🗑
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| show | 1. free conidiospores/conidiophores
2. synemma
3. acervulus
4. sporodochium
5. pycnidium
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| synemma | show 🗑
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| acervulus | show 🗑
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| an example of a fungus with an acervulus | show 🗑
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| sporodochium | show 🗑
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| show | flask-like structure lined w/ asexual conidiospores/conidiophores
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| show | Subclass Hemiascomycetes
Subclass Euascomycetes
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| show | opening of the flask-shaped pycnidium
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| show | 1.oddball
2.sexual ascospores inside an "invisible" ascus (hotdog bun)
3. ascospores are stacked up
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| give an example of subclass Hemiascomycetes | show 🗑
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| name the three groups/series in subclass Euascomycetes | show 🗑
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| show | flask-shaped structure filled w/ sexual ascospores in series Pyrenomycetes
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| show | Venturia inaequalis
Apple Scab
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| show | a closed structure filled with sexual ascospores
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| an example of something with a cleistothecium | show 🗑
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| show | depressed area with upright ascospores
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| show | Sclerotinia fructicola
Brown Rot (of stone fruit)
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| Name 2 subclasses of class Basidiomycetes | show 🗑
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| show | septated hyphae; has sexual fruiting structure called a Basidium
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| describe the basidium in subclass Heterobasidiomycetes | show 🗑
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| show | little launching pad that the sexual basidiospore is attached to (on a basidium)
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| Name 2 orders under subclass Heterobasidiomycetes | show 🗑
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| Rust fungi | show 🗑
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| show | order Ustilaginales
ex: Tilletia
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| mushrooms and puffballs | show 🗑
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| describe the basidium in subclass Homobasidiomycetes | show 🗑
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| Name 2 orders under subclass Homobasidiomycetes | show 🗑
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| gill fungi | show 🗑
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| describe a rust | show 🗑
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| macrocyclic | show 🗑
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| microcyclic | show 🗑
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| show | mass of hyphae in ascomycetes
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| show | mass of hyphae in basidiomycetes
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| show | autoecious rust
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| show | heteroecious rust
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| show | fungus; saprophyte (love dead stuff); most are host-specific AND plant-part specific
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| classify smuts | show 🗑
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| show | class Basidiomycetes
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| teliospores | show 🗑
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| show | localized OR systemic
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| give an example of a smut | show 🗑
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| Class of Fungi Imperfecti? | show 🗑
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| 2nd class organisms | show 🗑
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| show | have no sexual stage
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| show | Class Deuteromycetes
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| show | 1. Form-order Sphaeropsidales
2. Form-order Melanconiales
3. Form-order Moniliales
4. Form-order Mycelia Sterilia
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| when was the electron microscope invented? | show 🗑
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| What is the asexual structure in form-order Sphaeropsidales? | show 🗑
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| Phoma Septoria Diplodia | show 🗑
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| What asexual structure is found in form-order Melanconiales? | show 🗑
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| show | an example of form-order Melanconiales
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| the wilts | show 🗑
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| What asexual fruiting structure is found in form-order Moniliales? | show 🗑
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| show | mass of hyphae; found in form-order Mycelia Sterilia
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| show | poison (Latin)
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| show | Mayer; Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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| first thing identified from a virus | show 🗑
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| who found Tulip Color Break? | show 🗑
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| Who was the first person to crystallize a virus? | show 🗑
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| Describe a virus | show 🗑
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| Describe 3 virus shapes: | show 🗑
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| show | 1.local (like ring spot)
2. systemic (gets in xylem & phloem - yellowing or stunting)
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| masked symptom - virus | show 🗑
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| show | plant never shows any symptoms, but is a carrier and can transmit the virus
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| show | yellowing, stunting, mosaic/molting, ringspot, leaf-curling, excessive branching; vein-clearing, enations
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| enations | show 🗑
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| show | Virus A + Virus B = Virus C w/ new symptoms
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| show | plant makes antibodies in response to exposure to avirulent strain; will protect against virulent strain
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| show | virus is passive until enters host; protein coat will unravel; nucleic acid is the infectious part; nucleic acid will take over activity of host plant nucleus; cell makes more virus particles
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