Psych stuff
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| awareness of internal and external stimuli | Consciousness
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| Device the monitiors electrical activity of the brain over time by means of electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp | Electroencephalograph:EEG
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| 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species | Circadian Rhythms
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| records muscular activity and tension | Electromyograph: EMG
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| records eye movements | Electrooculograph: EOG
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| records the contractions of the heart | Electrocardiograph: EKG
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| Sleep stages 3 and 4 during which low frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings | Slow-wave sleep
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| deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movement, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming. PARADOX | REM sleep
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| sleep stages 1 through 4, absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity | Non-REM sleep: NREM
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| chronic problems in getting adequate sleep | Insomnia
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| disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal walking periods | Narcolepsy
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| frequent, reflexive grasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep | Sleep apnea
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| a person rises and wonders about while remaining asleep | Somnambulism: sleep walking
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| the plot of a dream at surface level | Manifest content
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| hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a plot | Latent content
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| forming a memory code | encoding
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| maintaining encoded information in memory over time | Storage
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| recovering information from memory stores | Retrieval
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| Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events | Attention
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| deeper levels of processing result in longer lasting memory codes | Levels-of-processing Theory
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| linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding | Elaboration
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| memory is enhanced by forming both semantic and visual codes, since either can lead to recall | Dual-coding theory
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| Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second | Sensory Memory
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| limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds | Short-term memory: STM
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| Process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information | rehearsal
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| group of familiar stimuli, stored as a single unit | chunk
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| unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time | Long-term memory: LTM
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| unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events | Flashbulb memories
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| organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event | Schema
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| nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts | semantic network
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| cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks | Connectionist/Parallel distributed processing models: PDP
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| temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach | tip-of-the tongue phenomenon
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| process of making inferences about the origins of memories | source monitoring
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| when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source | Source Monitoring error
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| consonant-vowel-consonant arrangements that do not correspond to words EX:BAF, XOF, VIR, MEQ | Nonsense syllables
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| graphs retention and forgetting over time | forgetting curve
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| proportion of material retained (remembered) | Retention
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| requires participants to reproduce information on the own without any cues | recall measure
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| requires participants to select previously learned information from an array of options | Recognition Measure
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| requires a participant to memorize information a second time to determine how much time or effort is saved by having learned it before | Relearning Measure
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| forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time | Decay theory
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| people forget information because of competition from other material | Interference Theory
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| new information impairs the retention of previously learned information | Retroactive interference
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| Previously learned information impairs the retention of new information( PRE AND PRO) | Proactive interference
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| the value of a retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code | Encoding Specificity
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| Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious | Repression
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| a person loses memories for events that occurred prior to the injury (old-retro) | Retrograde Amnesia
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| a person loses memories for events that occur after the injury | Anterograde Amnesia
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| hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory | Consolidation
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| long-lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses along a specific neural pathway | Long-term potentiation: LTP
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| the formation of new neurons | Neurogenesis
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| handles factual information | Declarative Memory
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| houses memory for actions, skills, conditioned responses,and emotional memories | Nondeclarative Memory system
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| made up of chronological or temporally dated recollections of personal experiences | Episodic memory
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| general knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information is learned | Semantic Memory System
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| remembering to perform actions in the future | Prospective Memory
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| remembering events from the past or previously learned information | Retrospective Memory
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| structural encoding( physical structure-letters, numbers, caps) | LOP: Shallow
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| phonemic(rhymes with) | LOP: Intermediate
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| Semantic(meaning-used word in a sentence) | LOP:Deep
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| 19th century scholar invented nonsense syllables and showed that forgetting occurs very rapidly | Herman Ebbinghaus
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| expert on short-term memory is famous for paper titled "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two" | George Miller
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| researchers developed an influential information-processing model of memory that described three memory stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory | Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
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| declarative memory should be subdivided into episodic memory and semantic memory | Endel Tulving
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| a four-component of model of working memory | Alan Baddeley
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| researched devised levels-of-processing theory, which proposes the deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memories | Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
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| misinformation effect and conducted extensive research on repressed memories | Elizabeth Loftus
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| described the process of source monitoring and the significance of source-monitoring errors | Marcia Johnson
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| Working with sea slugs, won a nobel prize for demonstrating that alterations in synaptic transmission contribute to memory formation | Eric Kandel
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| normal waking thought, alert problem solving | Beta
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| deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation | Alpha
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| light sleep | Theta
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| deep sleep | Delta
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| Paradox: normal waking thought, alert problem solving in deep sleep | REM sleep
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