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68WM6 Phase 2 test 13 Endocrine System

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Question
Answer
show T3 & T4 Requires good IODINE intake  
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what does the Thyroid do?   show
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hyperthyroidism a.k.a.   show
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exophthalmos   show
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show memory loss, dysphagia/hoarse voice, weight loss, jittery, insomnia, may overreact to stress  
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show tachycardia, HTN, edema of anterior neck, exophthalmos, hyperthermia, warm skin, hand tremors, cessation of menses,  
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show increased T3 & T4, radioactive iodine uptake test(RAIU), thyroid scan  
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show Propylthiouracil - Propyl-Thoracil, PTU Methimazole – Tapazole  
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show destroy Hypertrophied tissue  
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show Abdominal pain, n/v, diarrhea, sore throat, neck pain and edema, chronic hypothyroidism  
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side effects for medication therapy r/t hyperthyroidism   show
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show Teach deep breathing techniques, need for voice rest, possible complications, keep environment calm/cool, instruct how to support head when turning in bed and rising  
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post-op teaching r/t hyperthyroidism   show
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show bleeding, tachycardia, hypotension, apprehension, restlessness  
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show Numbness or tingling Carpopedal spasm Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension Laryngeal spasm Positive Chvostek’s Sign Positive Trousseau’s Sign  
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what is tx for tetany   show
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show 12  
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s/s of thyroid storm   show
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what are tx's for thyroid storm?   show
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what is the severe form of hypothyroidism; congenital name   show
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show hypothyroidism  
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show Mild to severe depending on deficiency Hypothermia/intolerance to cold Weight gain Development of atherosclerosis /CAD  
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show Impaired memory, slow thought processes Depression or paranoia Lethargy, forgetfulness, and irritability Anorexia and constipation Decreased libido and reproductive difficulty Menstrual irregularities Speech and hearing impairments  
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show Bradycardia, hypotension and bradypnea Facial features become enlarged, edematous Voice low and hoarse Exercise intolerance Weakness, clumsiness, and ataxia Ileus  
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show Desiccated animal thyroid (Armhour Thyroid) Thyroglobulin (Proloid) Levothyroxine sodium (Levothroid /Synthroid) Liothyronine sodium (Cytomel)  
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what are some side effects r/t medical management r/t hypothyroidism   show
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show Medication usually given in the morning Initially low dose Increased gradually Side effects Establish maintenance dose  
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show Right Upper Quadrant  
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show Diabetes Mellitus (DM)  
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show Type I DM  
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Decreased activity of the insulin that is secreted Target cells in the body resist action of insulin   show
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Three P's to DM   show
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things r/t DM that make you go "hmmmmmm"   show
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show Hunger Thirst Nausea Nocturia Weakness,Fatigue Blurred vision Appearance of halos around lights Headache  
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show Decrease tissue responsiveness to insulin Caused by receptor defects Insulin resistance Decrease secretion of insulin from beta cells Abnormal hepatic regulation  
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Type II DM is Found primarily in adults > ____ years old   show
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causes of Type I DM   show
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Mobilization of protein and fat stores Muscle wasting and weight loss Thin clients, and hyperglycemia are all s/s of Type ____ DM   show
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show Headache Hunger Nausea, vomiting Nocturia, dehydration, hypovolemia Blurred vision, halo around lights  
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objective data for Type II DM   show
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SMBG   show
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describe Fasting blood glucose   show
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OGTT   show
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Describe an OGTT   show
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how will a non-diabetic respond to a OGTT?   show
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show Blood glucose levels return to normal slowly Urine is positive for glucose  
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show Postprandial blood sugar  
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Describe a PPBS   show
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Test shows effectiveness of diabetic therapy for the preceding 8 – 12 weeks; Measures the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin within the RBC   show
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what is the normal HgbA1c?   show
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what are the goals in managing DM?   show
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Long term complications of DM   show
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Some complex carbohydrates   show
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Insulin dependent clients are usually given ___ _____ and ______ snacks.   show
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show Helping achieve normal blood glucose level < 126 mg/dl. Prevention and treatment of acute complications  
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insulin may be injected how?   show
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show regular, Humulin R or novulin insulin - ONLY Insulin that can be given IV  
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show NHP, Humulin N, Lente  
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show Ultralente, Humulin U  
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numbers for short acting insulin:   show
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show Onset: 60 –90 minutes Peak: 8 – 12 hours Duration: 24 hours  
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show Onset: 4 – 8 hours Peak: 16 – 19 hours Duration: 36 hours (book - 24 hrs)  
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other insulin   show
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r/t external infusion pump, how long is the cannula good for?   show
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show faintness, sudden weakness, diaphoresis, irritability, hunger, palpations, trembling, drowsiness  
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show Regular  
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show regular  
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Tolbutamide (Orinase), Chlorpropanamide (Diabinese), Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glyburide (Micronase)   show
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show Glucophage (Metformin) - Acts by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and increases sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin  
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show Acts by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and increases sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin  
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show Acts by delaying the digestion of ingested carbohydrates Results in smaller rise of blood glucose after a meal  
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would a pancreas transplant be a surgical option for type I or type II DM?   show
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a hormone secreted in response to decreased levels of glucose in the blood (secreted by the alpha cells   show
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show Insulin  
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Promotes the conversion of amino acids to proteins in muscle, stimulates triglyceride formation, and inhibits the release of free fatty acids   show
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show combination of short-acting(Regular) and intermediate-acting (NPH)  
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show short-acting(Regular)  
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show intermediate-acting (NPH)  
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show rapid  
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what do oral hypoglycemics do within the body?   show
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show delays digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thus lowering blood glucose, especially after meals  
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Oral Hypoglycemics Category includes what drugs?   show
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show Type 1 DM, severe kidney, liver, thyroid and other endocrine dysfunction. Avoid use in pregnancy or lactation  
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show reduced dose  
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The purpose of the metformin   show
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show Miglitol and Pioglitazone  
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Hypoglycemia may be treated by ingestion of _____ _____.   show
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what are s/s of insulin and oral hypoglycemic toxicity and overdose?   show
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Slide Scale Insulin may be required for patient exposed to:   show
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what does the thyroid secrete and what is important for this to happen?   show
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show controlled by the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland.  
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what are the functions of the thyroid?   show
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show calcitonin  
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what are some contraindications for thyroid agents?   show
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show Cardiovascular disease (initiate therapy with lower doses). Severe renal insufficiency. Uncorrected adrenocortical disorders. Swallowing difficulty (levothyroxine tablets  
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r/r Geriatric pts, would you expect a typical adult dose or a reduced dose r/t thyroid meds?   show
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side effects r/t thyroid meds   show
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if heart rate is > than ____ we HOLD T3   show
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what are two antithyroid meds?   show
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what are some side effects of antithyroid meds   show
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show hyperthyroidism  
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Treatment of thyrotoxic crisis, and a supplement during long-term parenteral nutrition   show
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show Control of hyperthyroidism. Decreased bleeding during thyroid surgery. Replacement/supplementation of iodine. Decreased incidence of thyroid cancer following radiation emergencies  
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give examples of iodine agents   show
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Radioactive iodine isotopes will   show
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antithyroid agents will cause what type of Lab differences   show
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show administer at same time in relation to meals every day.  
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if a dose of antithyroid meds are missed, when would you take the missed dose?   show
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show sore throat, fever, chills, headache, malaise, weakness, yellowing of eyes or skin, unusual bleeding or bruising, rash, or symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism promptly  
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show decrease symptoms of hyperthyroidism, return of thyroid to normal state, prepare pt for thyroidectomy or radiation therapy, prevent/tx for iodine deficiency.  
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Which nursing diagnosis may appear on a hyperthyroid patient’s care plan?   show
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The primary treatment for hypothyroidism is:   show
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show Radioactive iodine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole  
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what is used to prevent/tx hypocalcemia   show
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contraindications for electrolyte replacement   show
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show CNS: syncope (IV only), tingling. CV: cardiac arrest (IV only), arrhythmias, bradycardia. GI: constipation, nausea, vomiting. GU: calculi, hypercalciuria. Local: phlebitis (IV only).  
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show cereals, spinach, or rhubarb  
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show Assess patient for nausea, vomiting, anorexia, thirst, severe constipation, paralytic ileus, and bradycardia  
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how do you diagnose hyperthyroidism?   show
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show Administer drugs that block the production of thyroid hormones Propylthiouracil - Propyl-Thoracil, PTU Methimazole – Tapazole, Ablation Therapy Radioactive Iodine  
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show Abdominal pain, n/v, diarrhea, sore throat, neck pain and edema, Rash or pruritis N/V, abdominal pain Loss of taste  
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what is the surgical management for hyperthyroidism?   show
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show Hyperthermia, risk for, related to increased metabolism, Nutrition altered, less than body requirements related to increased metabolism  
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r/t hypothyroidism, what are some examples of symptomatic relief?   show
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what are two nursing diagnoses r/t hypothyroidism?   show
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how do you diagnose hyperthyroidism?   show
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show Administer drugs that block the production of thyroid hormones Propylthiouracil - Propyl-Thoracil, PTU Methimazole – Tapazole, Ablation Therapy Radioactive Iodine  
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what are some side effects from ablation therapy r/t hyperthyroidism   show
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show subtotal thyroidectomy  
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who would you expect to have thyroid cancer?   show
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what are the three types of thyroid cancer   show
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Clinical Manifestations of thyroid cancer   show
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what are the diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer?   show
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show Thyroid storm, tetany, excess bleeding  
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show Changes glycerol and fatty acids into glucose Changes glucose into triglycerides as needed Stores glucose in the form of glycogen  
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show brain & kidney  
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show glycosuria  
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To excrete the increased glucose, the kidneys require extra water for dilution, this causes   show
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show polydipsia  
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show dehydration  
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Despite excessive glucose in blood stream, it can not be used by body without insulin, this causes   show
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show weight loss  
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Carbohydrates can not be used properly Body’s fat and protein sources are broken down for energy, resulting in   show
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show Autoimmune process Viral Genetic predisposition Chemical agents  
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Regular...whatever, this is everything but 'regular'...it's faster than the avg Joe   show
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Not Puckin Happenin....not right now type of insulin   show
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36 hrs is nothing compared to 30 days of Lent. hey we have something in common....   show
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show Aldosterone  
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show Involved in water and electrolyte balance, and indirectly manage blood pressure  
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show Causes retention of sodium; with sodium comes water to increase circulating blood volume Causes wasting of potassium and hydrogen  
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Primary glucocorticoid   show
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show Involved in glucose metabolism Provides extra energy in times of stress Also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties  
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Adrenal medulla releases two hormones during stress "Fight or Flight“...what are they?   show
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show Mineralcorticoids Glucocorticoids Sex hormones  
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cushing's disease   show
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Rare condition in which the plasma levels of adrenocortical hormones are increased Body's protective feedback mechanism fails, with resultant excess secretion of the adrenal hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones   show
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show Cushing's Disease  
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show Presence of ecchymoses and petechiae Skin becomes thin and fragile Weight gain, edema and abdominal enlargement, with development of striae, buffalo hump, MOON FACE, HTN  
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show prolonged wound healing, Osteoporosis/kyphosis from abnormal calcium absorption, Women may experience hirsutism and menstrual irregularities  
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show Diagnosis usually based on clinical appearance and lab results Hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia Plasma cortisol elevated Plasma ACTH may be increased or decreased, depending on location of a tumor  
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More tests to diagnose Cushings Disease   show
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show Treatment is directed toward the causative factor Adrenalectomy for adrenal tumor Pituitary tumors may be irradiated or removed surgically (Transphenoidal hypophysectomy  
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cytotoxic agent that is toxic to adrenal glands   show
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side effects for Mitotane (Lysodern)   show
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show Lowered in sodium, reduce calories and carbohydrates. Foods high in potassium  
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show strict I&O, watch for edema in extremities, watch for bony prominences, for open lesions, ulcers, & ecchymosis, use heel/elbow protectors & eggcrate mattress, monitor blood glucose  
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show Knowledge deficit, related to therapeutic regimen, Activity intolerance, related to weakness and immobility, Excess fluid volume, related to sodium and water retention  
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an acute, emergency, life-threatening state of profound adrenal cortical insufficiency that occurs when the adrenal glands suddenly fail   show
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Continually assess for signs of developing adrenal (Addisonian) crisis such as   show
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adrenal crisis is an emergency: death may occur from   show
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show Corticosteroids via an intravenous solution of normal saline and glucose Antibiotics are administered due to extremely low resistance to infection  
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show Pheochromocytoma  
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The principle manifestation of pheochromocytoma is ___   show
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show Presence of severe headache, palpitations, anxiety Severe hypertension Tremors, nervousness, dizzy and dyspnea Nausea and intolerance to heat Paresthesias (an abnormal sensation, such as burning, prickling, tickling, or tingling)  
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objective assessment r/t phenochromocytoma   show
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show Surgically approached by means of an abdominal or flank incision under and following the position of the 12th rib  
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Post-op care after an Andrenalectomy would include   show
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show Hypotension Nausea, vomiting Hypoglycemia Muscle weakness  
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what type of diet would be ordered after an Andrenalectomy   show
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show Controls functions over the other endocrine glands through the negative feedback syste Secretes hormones that activates other indocrine glands  
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show FSH, LH, MSH, Prolactin, GH, TSH, ACTH  
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show vasopressin, oxytocin, ADH  
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show Acromegaly  
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show big head and lower jaw, bulging forehead, thick lips, enlarged tongue, large hands and feet  
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show Bone enlargement and joint involvement Gait changes and inability to perform activities Dyspnea, tachycardia, weak pulse and hypotension – signs of early heart failure  
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what is a medical tx / drug that can be used for acromegaly?   show
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show removal of tumor tissues through the nose  
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what are some causes for Diabetes Insipidus   show
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s/s of DI   show
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what are some objective sign for DI?   show
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List three clinical manifestations of Diabetes insipidus?   show
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show ADH  
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what are some actions of Vasopressin?   show
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show Comatose patients. Seizures. Migraine headaches. Asthma Heart failure. Cardiovascular disease  
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vasopressin side effects   show
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show Monitor BP, HR, and ECG periodically throughout therapy and continuously throughout cardiopulmonary resuscitation  
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constriction of the airway causing dyspnea with long, crowing respirations as the air tries to get past the constriction   show
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too much calcium causes:   show
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show Muscle tetany Osteoporosis Retarded growth in children  
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function of parathyroid   show
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subjective signs of hypoparathyroidism   show
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show Positive Chvostek's sign Positive Trousseau's sign Laryngeal spasm/stridor Decreased cardiac output Spasms of the extremities, N/V, convulsions, cardiac dysrhythmias  
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show hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia  
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what are medical management steps for a pt with hypoparathyroidism   show
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show emergency tracheostomy tray, airways, mechanical ventilation, and endotracheal intubation equipment  
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what are some things you will want to teach your pt r/t hypoparathyroidism?   show
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loss of Ca+ from bones, Increased urinary excretion of phosphorus Bones become demineralized as calcium leaves and enters the bloodstream is related to   show
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what type of diet would you teach your pt r/t hypothyroidism?   show
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what are two nursing diagnoses r/t hypothyroidism?   show
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show thyroid gland enlarges, low T3 signals pituitary gland, inadequate intake of iodine  
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what are two types of medical mngt r/t a goiter?   show
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what are three post-op complications r/t a goiter?   show
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what are two nursing diagnoses r/t a goiter?   show
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what are examples of medical management r/t hyperparathyroidism?   show
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show PARATHORMONE  
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OVER PRODUCTION OF PARATHORMONE RESULTS IN INCREASED LEVELS OF WHAT ELECTROLYTE IN THE BLOOD?   show
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WHAT ARE POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERCALCEMIA   show
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM   show
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WHAT IS THE MEDICAL CARE FOR A PATIENT WITH HYPOPARATHYROIDISM   show
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what part of the body provides the fastest, lease variable absorption r/t insulin?   show
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how would you teach your DM pt to care for their feet?   show
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show foot soaks and powders not recommended, clean socks daily, avoid tight garters, cut toenails straight across, no hot water or heating pads on feet-will burn you  
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what kind of shoes would you teach/recommend for a DM pt?   show
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show arteriosclerosis, lower extremities, kidneys, eyes, and heart  
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show Decreased ability to fight infection Delayed wound healing Cramping  
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Any abnormal condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the peripheral nerves   show
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show Legs  
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Microvascular changes affect retinal capillaries, may cause cataracts and retinal detachment   show
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_________ and _______ imbalances occur due to the elevated blood glucose   show
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when ketones accumulate in the blood, pH ____   show
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show Client begins to hyperventilate in an effort to blow off CO2 to counteract the fall in pH  
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early s/s of ketoacidosis   show
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early s/s of ketoacidosis   show
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show False. cerebral edema may occur with sudden influx of fluids  
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show hypoglycemia  
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initial symptoms of HYPOglycemia   show
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show Dizziness Confusion Loss of speech Unable to control body movements Diplopia, blurred vision  
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late s/s of HYPOglycemia   show
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show True. administer rapid acting simple carbohydrate  
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show HYPOfunction  
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show Adrenalectomy Pituitary hypofunction Longstanding steroid therapy Idiopathic adrenal atrophy Cancer of the adrenal cortex Tuberculosis Autoimmune response  
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show decreased cortisol and aldosterone  
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s/s of Addison's disease   show
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Changes in the color of the mucous membranes and skin, with darkly pigmented areas, weight loss, N/V   show
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what is a test that could be ordered to diagnose Addison's Disease   show
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what type of diet would you expect r/t Addison's Disease   show
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what nursing intervention would make most sense r/t Addison't Disease   show
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what are some nursing diagnoses r/t Addison't Disease?   show
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show False. The physical changes are irreversible and pt is prone to developing complications  
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defects of the hypothalamus which directs the anterior pituitary to release excess amounts of GH   show
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show gigantism  
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pt will appear well proportioned and well nourished but appear younger than their chronological age   show
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show child is a great deal shorter than peers, well proportioned, but smaller. sexual development is usually normal but delayed, may produce normal offspring  
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show dopamine agonists  
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This is not a complete set of the information. The drug section is not competely covered   show
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