Sensation
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensation | When sensory receptors and the nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from the environment
🗑
|
||||
| Perception | Organizing and interpreting sensory information
🗑
|
||||
| Bottom-up Processing | analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works its way up to the brain's integration of information
🗑
|
||||
| Top-down Processing | construction of perceptions based on knowledge, experience, or expectations
🗑
|
||||
| Psychophysics | the study of the relationship between the physical experience of stimuli and the way they are interpreted psychologically
🗑
|
||||
| Absolute Threshold | the minimum level of stimulation required to allow someone to detect a stimuli fifty percent of the time
🗑
|
||||
| Signal Detection Theory | A theory that attempts to understand the means by which we detect the presence of faint stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| subliminal | below the threshold of conscious awareness
🗑
|
||||
| priming | the activation of certain associations that predispose someone to give a certain response, recall a specific memory or perceive something in certain way, that usually occurs unconsciously.
🗑
|
||||
| difference threshold | the minimum difference between stimuli required to identify the difference fifty percent of the time, also called the just noticeable difference.
🗑
|
||||
| Weber's law | the principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage, rather than a constant amount, to be perceived as different.
🗑
|
||||
| sensory adaptation | diminished sensitivity to a stimulus after a period of constant stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| transduction | the conversion of one form of energy to another
🗑
|
||||
| wavelength | the distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next.
🗑
|
||||
| hue | the dimension of color that is defined by the wavelength of light, the names of colors
🗑
|
||||
| intensity | the amount of energy in a light or sound wave that is determined by the wave's amplitude
🗑
|
||||
| pupil | the opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
🗑
|
||||
| iris | a ring of muscle tissue that surrounds the pupil and controls its size
🗑
|
||||
| lens | a transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to focus images on the retina
🗑
|
||||
| accommodation | when the lens changes shape to focus objects at a specific distance on the retina
🗑
|
||||
| retina | the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye that contains the receptor rods and cones as well as layers of neurons that begin to process visual information
🗑
|
||||
| acuity | sharpness of vision
🗑
|
||||
| nearsightedness | a condition in which near objects can be more easily seen than distant objects because distant objects focus in front of the retina
🗑
|
||||
| farsightedness | a condition in which distant objects can be more easily seen that near ones because the images of near objects are projected behind the retina
🗑
|
||||
| rods | retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are necessary for vision in areas devoid of light
🗑
|
||||
| cones | retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina, and detect color and fine detail.
🗑
|
||||
| optic nerve | the pathway that carries neural impulses from the retina to the brain.
🗑
|
||||
| blind spot | the point at which the optic nerve connects to the eye, created by the the absence of receptor cells in that area
🗑
|
||||
| fovea | the central focal point in the retina that contains most of the eye's cones
🗑
|
||||
| feature detectors | nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific aspects of a stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement
🗑
|
||||
| parallel processing | the brain's natural mode of information processing, in which several aspects of a stimulus; such as shape, color, and motion, are processed at once.
🗑
|
||||
| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory. | the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors - red, green, and blue - which can produce any color when stimulated in combination
🗑
|
||||
| opponent-process theory | the theory that opposing retinal processes, such as red-green or yellow-blue, enable the perception of color.
🗑
|
||||
| color constancy | perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color despite changing illumination
🗑
|
||||
| audition | the sense or act of hearing
🗑
|
||||
| frequency | the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
🗑
|
||||
| pitch | the highness or lowness of a tone, dependent on frequency
🗑
|
||||
| middle ear | the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing the anvil, hammer, and stirrup
🗑
|
||||
| cochlea | a coiled, bony, and fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger neural impulses
🗑
|
||||
| inner ear | the part of the ear that contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
🗑
|
||||
| place theory | the theory that the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated determines the the pitch of a tone
🗑
|
||||
| frequency theory | the theory that the rate of neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, determining its pitch
🗑
|
||||
| conduction hearing loss | hearing loss caused by damage to mechanical systems in the ear
🗑
|
||||
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or the auditory nerves
🗑
|
||||
| cochlear implant | a device that converts sounds into electrical impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
🗑
|
||||
| gate-control theory | the theory that pain is controlled through a neurological gate in the spinal cord that can allow pain signals or allow them to pass through to the brain.
🗑
|
||||
| sensory interaction | the principle that one sense may influence another
🗑
|
||||
| kinesthesis | the system for sensing the movement and position of individual body parts
🗑
|
||||
| vestibular sense | the sense of the collective movement of body parts, including the body's position, movement, and sense of balance
🗑
|
||||
| afterimage effect | when you stare at a photo for a long time (black, yellow, and green flag) then when looking away you see the negative effect (white, blue, and red)
🗑
|
||||
| auditory canal | (ear canal) a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.
🗑
|
||||
| eardrum | a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear in humans and other tetrapods
🗑
|
||||
| amplitude | The maximum difference of an alternating electrical current or potential from the average value.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Kingsclass
Popular Psychology sets