Stack #79319
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| looking inward to understand the processes of conscious thought | introspection
🗑
|
||||
| key words: dream analysis, unconscious, childhood conflicts | psychoanalytic theory
🗑
|
||||
| theory that wanted to make psychology practical and useful in school and work environments | functionalism
🗑
|
||||
| theory that sees humans as distinct from animals and emphasizes each individual's unique potential | humanism
🗑
|
||||
| founded humanist psychology emphasizing personal-growth and client centered therapy | rogers
🗑
|
||||
| approach that views our personality traits as inherited from our ancestors, having aided their survival | evolutionary theory
🗑
|
||||
| opened first laboratory to study structures of consciousness; wanted to unite brain physiology and philosophy into psychology | wundt
🗑
|
||||
| functionalist who asserted that consciousness flows and wrote a major reference book in psychology | james
🗑
|
||||
| approach placing more emphasis on group pressures and cultural norms in determining our behavior | sociocultural
🗑
|
||||
| took behaviorism to a new level and claimed there is no free will since environment determines everything | skinner
🗑
|
||||
| watson | taught little albert to fear a white mouse by manipulating his environment
🗑
|
||||
| founder of the american psychological association | hall
🗑
|
||||
| received nobel prize for his split brain research | sperry
🗑
|
||||
| main concern of structuralists, functionalists, and gestalt psychologists | cognition
🗑
|
||||
| meta analysis | draws conclusions from the results of a multitude of studies rather than just one
🗑
|
||||
| group think | group emphasizes unanimous agreement
🗑
|
||||
| more people involved in a task, less effort is put forth by the individuals in the group | loafing (diffusion of responsibility)
🗑
|
||||
| defensive attribution | explaining someone else's failure as due to internal factors so as to give yourself a sense of security
🗑
|
||||
| deindividualism | loss of a sense of individuality due to group involvement
🗑
|
||||
| cognitive dissonance | discomfort that results when two thoughts are in conflict or our thoughts don't match our actions
🗑
|
||||
| explaining behavior in terms of situational factors | external attribution
🗑
|
||||
| view that the rights of individuals are more important than the social order | individualism
🗑
|
||||
| style of steady love involving more intimacy and commitment after the "highs" and "lows" subside | companionate
🗑
|
||||
| asking for a small request before asking for a larger request | foot in door technique
🗑
|
||||
| attribution in which one explains behavior in terms of personal dispositions | internal
🗑
|
||||
| when the source of a communication lacks trustworthiness | credibility
🗑
|
||||
| idea that actions dictate attitudes; not other way arround | self perception theory
🗑
|
||||
| reciprocity norm | someone gives us something before asking for a favor
🗑
|
||||
| tendency of groups to arrive at bolder decisions than each individual might have | risky shift phenomenon
🗑
|
||||
| group that one identifies with in contrast to those outside the group | ingroup
🗑
|
||||
| bias that occurs when reinterpreting the past to fit our awareness of how events actually turned out | hindsight
🗑
|
||||
| illusory correlation | one finds examples that confirm an erroneous belief and overlooks examples that would disconfirm it
🗑
|
||||
| longer a group of similar minded people discuss an issue, the more extreme their views become | group polarization
🗑
|
||||
| emphasizes social order over individual rights | collectivism
🗑
|
||||
| solomon asch | conformity (line test)
🗑
|
||||
| explaining your own success with internal attributes and your failures with external attributes | self serving bias
🗑
|
||||
| sales tactic in which you become hooked by a "bargain" before hidden costs are revealed | lowball
🗑
|
||||
| contain receptor sites for catching neurotransmitters in the post-synaptic neuron | dendrites
🗑
|
||||
| part of limbic system that helps form memories | hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
| lobe containing auditory cortex | temporal
🗑
|
||||
| cleft where neural process shifts from electrical to chemical | synapse
🗑
|
||||
| folded outer layer contains 2/3 of neurons | cerebral cortex
🗑
|
||||
| neurotransmitter for mood and alertness, affected by caffeine | norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| system that is more primitive than the cerebrum and is responsible for emotions, drives, and memories | limbic
🗑
|
||||
| division of brain that includes cerebellum, medulla, and pons | hindbrain
🗑
|
||||
| largest part of brain, where our complex cognition takes place | cerebrum
🗑
|
||||
| cell body of neuron | soma
🗑
|
||||
| decreases the liklihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials | inhibitory PSP
🗑
|
||||
| PSP increases likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials | excitatory
🗑
|
||||
| lobe containing sensory strip | parietal
🗑
|
||||
| negatively charged ions inside the axon | potassium
🗑
|
||||
| division of autonomic nervous system that is activated by limbic system in "fight or flight" | sympathetic
🗑
|
||||
| drug that mimics a neurotransmitter | agonist
🗑
|
||||
| sacks that hold neurotransmitters until they are ready for release | vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| acronym for antidepressant drugs | SSRI
🗑
|
||||
| device that measures electrical activity of brain through electrodes attached to scalp | EEG
🗑
|
||||
| keeps your heart beating and you breathing | medulla
🗑
|
||||
| lobe that contains motor strip | frontal lobe
🗑
|
||||
| area in left hemisphere for making speech | broca's area
🗑
|
||||
| neurotransmitter that is the body's natural opium or pain killer | endorphine
🗑
|
||||
| neurotransmitter for pleasurable emotions and voluntary movement; effected by cocaine | dopamine
🗑
|
||||
| division of peripheral nervous system involved in muscle movement and sensation | somatic
🗑
|
||||
| division of brain that includes cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system | forebrain
🗑
|
||||
| low amounts of this neurotransmitter may result in depression | serotonin
🗑
|
||||
| long fiber carries signal away from soma | axon
🗑
|
||||
| absolute refractory period | time in which neuron is incapable of firing
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine system | glands communicate via hormones
🗑
|
||||
| brain scan using radioactive chemicals | PET
🗑
|
||||
| positively charged ions outside axon | sodium
🗑
|
||||
| form of brain imaging that shows function as well as structure of brain parts | FMRI
🗑
|
||||
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter stimulated by nicotine; lack of this results in Alzheimer's
🗑
|
||||
| lobe containing visual cortex | occipital
🗑
|
||||
| responsible for balance and coordination | cerebellum (first affected by alcohol)
🗑
|
||||
| thalamus | relays sensory information to various parts of cerebrum
🗑
|
||||
| reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the pre synaptic neuron | reuptake
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus (limbic system) | controls body temperature and basic biological drives like "fight or flight" responses
🗑
|
||||
| twins from one egg | monozygote- identicle
🗑
|
||||
| myelin | insulates teh axon and speeds neural firing
🗑
|
||||
| action potential | brief shift in neuron's electrical charge making it ready to fire
🗑
|
||||
| amygdala | emotional center of the limbic center
🗑
|
||||
| binocular depth cue that senses the eyes turning toward eachother as an object approaches | convergence
🗑
|
||||
| determines hue for vision and pitch for hearing | wavelength
🗑
|
||||
| processing from individual elements to the whole | bottom up
🗑
|
||||
| color blind person | dichromat
🗑
|
||||
| blind spot is from the ____ | optic disk- fibers leave the retina
🗑
|
||||
| feature analysis | detecting specific visual elements and assembling them into a more complex form
🗑
|
||||
| transduction of light into neural signals occurs here | retina
🗑
|
||||
| amplitude | height of wave that determines brightness of light or loudness of sound
🗑
|
||||
| top down | perceptual process from the whole to the individual elements such as recognizing a familiar face
🗑
|
||||
| idea that incoming pain can be blocked at the spinal cord | gate control theory
🗑
|
||||
| tendency to see things in a particular way | perceptual set
🗑
|
||||
| curvature of the lens adjusts to alter visual focus | accommodation
🗑
|
||||
| ossicles | three little bones of inner ear (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
🗑
|
||||
| fluid fille dcanals in the ear that tell us if we are up or down | semicircular
🗑
|
||||
| retinal disparity | depth cue when image on left retina is from slightly different angle than image on right retina
🗑
|
||||
| sensory adaptation | graudal decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| weber | explained why you notice when an extra candle is added to a room with two candles, and why you won't when its added to a room w/ 50
🗑
|
||||
| distal stimuli | lie outside in the distance
🗑
|
||||
| trichromatic theory | we have three different receptors for different color perception
🗑
|
||||
| kinesthetic | which sensory system allows you to know where your arm is
🗑
|
||||
| cone | receptor cell in retina for light and color detection
🗑
|
||||
| gustatory sensory system | taste
🗑
|
||||
| images that appear directly on the retina | proximal stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| JND | acronym for the smallest detected change in the amout of stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| parrocellular | the "what channel" of visual perception
🗑
|
||||
| fovea | highest concentration of cone cells is in this part of the retina
🗑
|
||||
| gestalt principle in which we tend to see items grouped close together as one | proximity
🗑
|
||||
| opponent process theory | idea that color perception depends on bipolar receptors for r vs g, b vs y, and black vs white
🗑
|
||||
| agnosia | inability to recognize objects
🗑
|
||||
| vestibular sensory system | responds to gravity and informs us of where we are in space
🗑
|
||||
| rods | receptor cell for peripheral and night vision
🗑
|
||||
| basiliar membrane | inside cochlea that is lined with hair cells
🗑
|
||||
| signal detection theory | considers decision making processes as well as sensory processes
🗑
|
||||
| absolute threshold | amount of stimulus detectable at least half the time
🗑
|
||||
| motion parallax | monocular depth cue in which objects seem to move faster than distant objects outside a moving car
🗑
|
||||
| cilia | hair like structures important to olfactory transduction
🗑
|
||||
| choclea | fluid filled, coiled tunnel in inner ear where transduction of sound occurs
🗑
|
||||
| delta | brainwave patterns when one is in a deep sleep
🗑
|
||||
| sedatives | type of drugs that increase GABA; slowing other neural activity down
🗑
|
||||
| narcotics | type of drugs that affect endorphins
🗑
|
||||
| somnabulism | sleep walking
🗑
|
||||
| circadian | rhythm of the body in 24 hour cycles
🗑
|
||||
| synergistic | when drugs combined effects are greater than their individual effects
🗑
|
||||
| beta | brainwave pattern when one is awake and alert
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to REM and NREM sleep as people age | the amount decreases
🗑
|
||||
| SWS | acronym for sleep stages 3&4
🗑
|
||||
| dissociation | splitting of our consciousness into 2 or more streams of awareness
🗑
|
||||
| dopamine | neurotransmitter of the "reward pathway" most responsible for drug abuse
🗑
|
||||
| effect of hypnosis where subject may resist pain | anesmesia
🗑
|
||||
| amephetamines | type of drugs that affect dopamine and norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| melatonin | pineal gland secretes this hormone that plays a key role in your biological clock
🗑
|
||||
| alpha | EEG brainwave when in deep relaxation and meditation
🗑
|
||||
| activation synthesis theory | dreams are the cortex trying to make sense of neural activity
🗑
|
||||
| theta | brainwaves during light sleep
🗑
|
||||
| sleep apnea | sleep disorder where an individual stops breathing
🗑
|
||||
| UCR | acronym for the response to the original stimulus; salivating to food
🗑
|
||||
| when an event following a response weakens the tendency to make that response again | punishment
🗑
|
||||
| powerful classically conditioned repulsion of certain tasting foods | stages of acquiring a conditioned response to a neutral stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| two or more reinforcement schedules operating simultaneously to bring about different responses | concurrent
🗑
|
||||
| thorndike | instrumental learning (precursor of operant conditioning)
🗑
|
||||
| classical conditioning nazis used | propaganda
🗑
|
||||
| withdrawl symptoms | negative reinforcer
🗑
|
||||
| trace | timing of the CS begins and ends before UCS is presented
🗑
|
||||
| antecedent | event that preceds the targed behavior in the ABC process of operant conditioning
🗑
|
||||
| pavlov | discovered psychic reflexes could be elicited by associating an artificial stimulus with a natural one
🗑
|
||||
| conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus | higher order conditioning
🗑
|
||||
| shaping | step by step reinforcement of behaviors that get closer to the ultimate behavior
🗑
|
||||
| secondary reinforceers | symbolize primary reinforcers (like money)
🗑
|
||||
| watson | founder of behaviorist movement
🗑
|
||||
| prepardness | natural predisposition for different species to be conditioned in certain ways
🗑
|
||||
| bandura | observational (VICARIOUS) learning studied which explains humans more complex behaviors
🗑
|
||||
| facial feedback hypothesis | fake smile leads to real joy
🗑
|
||||
| thalamus signals what simultaneously | cortex and limbic system in experience of emotion
🗑
|
||||
| androgens | class of gonadal hormones produced more in males
🗑
|
||||
| polygraph | records autonomic fluctuations such as galvanic skin response and heard rate as subject answers questions
🗑
|
||||
| ekman | universal facial expressions: happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, and anger
🗑
|
||||
| higher levels of fat generate higher levels of this hormone which signals the brain when to get hungry | leptin
🗑
|
||||
| key androgen associated with sexual interest | testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| limbic system controls hunger | hypothalamus (what it controls)
🗑
|
||||
| James | psychologist theorized that the autonomic response precedes the experience of emotion
🗑
|
||||
| schachter | said emotions involve a label we give o our "feelings" according to our interpretation of each situation
🗑
|
||||
| cannon-bard | brain scientists who proposed that autonomic response and conscious emotional experience occur simultaneously
🗑
|
||||
| pheromone | hormone secreted by an animal that may serve to attract a mate
🗑
|
||||
| hippocampus | key brain part for storing memories
🗑
|
||||
| proactive interference | previously learned material inhibits the learning of new, similar material
🗑
|
||||
| deciding where you heard or read something is | source monitoring
🗑
|
||||
| engrams | physical traces of memory throughout a neural pathway
🗑
|
||||
| explicit memory | demands our conscious attention
🗑
|
||||
| anterograde | type of amnesia when you lose memories AFTER a head injury
🗑
|
||||
| multilevel classification system based on common properties | conceptual hierarchy
🗑
|
||||
| type of bias where you mold your interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out | hindsight
🗑
|
||||
| self referent encoding | how or whether information is personally relevant
🗑
|
||||
| sensory memory storage | has split second duration
🗑
|
||||
| transfer appropriate processing aids | recall when testing is similar to encoding (state dependent learning)
🗑
|
||||
| implicit | procedural memory including muscle memory; doesnt demand constant attention
🗑
|
||||
| loci | mnemonic method in which you imagine the material to be remembered in familiar location
🗑
|
||||
| three main processes of memory | encoding, storage, retrieval
🗑
|
||||
| misinformation effect | misleading information distorts eyewitness recall
🗑
|
||||
| episodic | autobiographical memory involves personal experiences
🗑
|
||||
| retroactive interference | new material inhibits the retention of previously learned material
🗑
|
||||
| decay | theory of forgetting that asserts memories fade due to time
🗑
|
||||
| consolidation | gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long term memory
🗑
|
||||
| dual coding theory | forming both semantic and visual codes to improve memory
🗑
|
||||
| heuristics | short cut rules of thumb for solving problems rather than exhausting all possible approaches
🗑
|
||||
| overextension | child refers to anything round as ball
🗑
|
||||
| semantics | subfiled of psycholinguistics concerned with understanding the meaning of words
🗑
|
||||
| arrangement problems | trial and error manipulations until theres a burst of insight
🗑
|
||||
| alogrithm | method that exhausts all possible pathways to solving a single problem
🗑
|
||||
| language games and puns from a child | metalinguistic awareness
🗑
|
||||
| mental set | inhibits problem solving when one persists in using strategies that have worked in the past
🗑
|
||||
| transformation problems | require carefully planned sequence of changes to arrive at a specified goal
🗑
|
||||
| LAD | acronym for natural mechanism that facilitates learning of a language
🗑
|
||||
| representativeness heuristic | one estimates probability of an event based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event
🗑
|
||||
| availability heuristic | one uses when making a decision based upon examples that most readily come to mind
🗑
|
||||
| overregularization | "i hitted the ball"
🗑
|
||||
| confirmation bias | seeking evidence supporting your belief while overlooking evidence contradicting your belief
🗑
|
||||
| framing | how you ask a question determines or influences the answer you get
🗑
|
||||
| phonemes | most basic unit of linguistic sound
🗑
|
||||
| functional fixedness | inability to find a novel use for a common object
🗑
|
||||
| morpheme | most basic unit of linguistic meaning (root words)
🗑
|
||||
| achievement test | measures mastery of knowledge in certain subject
🗑
|
||||
| interpersonal intelligence | allows one to "read people" well, understand their moods, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| crystallized intelligence | acquired knowledge and problem solving skills
🗑
|
||||
| fluid intelligence | speedier, adaptable reasoning abilities; declines as we age
🗑
|
||||
| stereotype vulnerability | one's association with a race that has a stigma for low intelligence may impede his academic development
🗑
|
||||
| construct | type of validity that showsevidence that a test measures certain abstract qualities such as creativity
🗑
|
||||
| stanford-binet | first measured IQ; mental age, divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100
🗑
|
||||
| profound | classification of retardation in which one needs total care
🗑
|
||||
| termen | corrected earlier intelligence tests by adding "performance scale" and using normal distribution
🗑
|
||||
| intrapersonal | type of intelligence in which one can understand one's own behaviors, moods, and motivations
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
hope90
Popular Psychology sets