chapters 123414
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| projective test? | roschach inkblot test and thematica apperception test.
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| Apperception test? who funded the test? | harvard psychological clinc 1935
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| whta is the appercetion test? | tester makes up a story about each of the black and white images on a serios of 31 cards.
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| what is different about the apperception test? (results) | that the examiner can interpret the results in his own theoretical orientation
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| how can the TAT help? | helps patients who have difficulty discussing their emotions.
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| correlation coefficient? | indicates direction and strenght of the relationship
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| positive correlation> | increase of one variable is asociated with the increase of the other variable
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| what kind of correlation is it?: increase rates of smoking; increase rates of heart disease? | Positive correlation
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| negative correlation? | increase of one variable is associated with the decrease of another variable
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| what kind of correlation is it? | more puzzle doing, crossword puzzles, etc, decrease the risk of alzhamiers disease
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| Random assigment? | everyone has an equal chance...
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| Analogue samples | are people who have the characteristics of interest and resemble treatment-seeking populations but are not seeking lcinicar servides.
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| clinical samples | people who are seeking cervices for a specific problem.
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| screening | identify potential psychological problems or predicts the risk of future problems if someone is not referred for further assessment or treatment.
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| in a depression scale what does 16 or higher on the CES-D mean? | possibility of significant depression and suggests that further evaluation is necessary.
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| diagnosis | refers to the identification of an illness.
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| realiability | the extent to which apsychological assessment instrument produces consisten results each time it is given.
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| test-retest reiabliity | consistency of scores across time.
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| dimensional approach | refers to an approach to study personality that posits continuous trait dimensions along which people can vary, instead of qualitatively different types
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| not guilty | a legal decision that describes poeple who commit a crime but whose psychological disorder prevents them form undertstanding; 1percent!
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| homeless | 73% schizophrenia
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| Five aspirational goals related to the science and practice of psychology | beneficence and nonmalefcence; fidelity and responsibility; integrity; justice; respect for peoples rights and dignity.
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| beneficial and nonmalefience | work to benefit thier patiens and are always careful not to do anything that causes harm
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| fidelity and responsibility | seek to establish relationships of trust and are aware of their responsibilities to patients, colleagues, and society in general.
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| integrity | promote honesty and truthfulness in thier science, teaching, and practice
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| justice | promote fairness adn equiality for all persons. everyone has equal acess to psychology contributions and services
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| respect for people's rights and dignity | value the wroth of everyone and uphold rights to privacy, confidentiality adn self determintaion
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| differential diagnosis: | when they are attempt to determine which diagnosis most clearly describes the patients symptoms.
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| developmental trajectory | the idea that common symptoms of a disorder may vary depending on a persons age.
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| diathesis-stress model | the idea that psychological disorders may have a biological predisposition that lies dominta until environmental stress occurs and the combination produces abnormal behavior
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| family studies | the process of examinating wheter family members of a person with a particular disorder are more likey to have that disorder than family members of people without the disorder
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| nature Vs nurture | genetics, environment
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| specificity | indicates the percent of the itme that screener accurately identifies the absence of a problem
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| false positives | occures when the the screening instruemnt indicates aproblem when no problem exists
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| false negatives | refer to instances in which teh screeing tool suggestes that there is no depression when th epatient actually is depress
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| left hemisphere | respnsible for language and cognitive funcitons
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| right hemisphere | associated with creativity imagery and intuition
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| temporal lobe | understanding auditory and verbal information, labeling of objects and verbal memory
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| pareital lobe | sonsory information form various sources and may be involved with visouspatioal processing
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| occupital lobe | center of visual processing; locatd at teh back of teh skull
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| frontal lobe | seat of reasoning impuse control, judgment language memmory motor funciton problem solving and sexual and social behavior
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| cross-sectional design | provies a snapshop in time; reasearch design in which paticipants are assessed once for the specific variable under investigation
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| longitudinal design | study that takes place over time; reasearch design in which participants are assessed at least two times adn often more over a certain time interval
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| statistical significance | refers to the mathematical probability that after treatment changes that occurred in the treamtnet group did not occur by chance but were actually due to the treatment
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| clinical significance | examines whether significant findings have pratical or clinical valuea
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| Duty to warn | the duty of therapists to use reasonable care to protect third parties form dangers posed by patients.
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| what is the duty to warn based on? | on the belief that mental clinicians have the ability to predict human behaviour.
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| actuarial prediction | when predictions are based on psychological symptons(anger sadness) not psychological disorders(major depression, schizophrenia).
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| ethics | accepted values that provide guidance in making sound moral judgments.
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| how much percent of psychologist engaged in innapropiate relationships? | 3.5%
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| how long do psych and patient have to wait before they can start a relationship? | 2 years
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| sympathetic nervous system | controls involuntary movements
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| parasympathetic nervous system | returs the body functions to resting levels after the sns has activated them
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| SNS? | stimulates heartbeat raises blood pressure dilates the pupils diverts blodd away from the skin and inner organs to the skeletal msuchles, barin and heart.
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| hormones | chemical messenger released directly into the bloodsteram and act on targe organs.
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| neotrotransmitters | chemical substance that relays electrical signals between one neuron and the next.
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| what is the space between the neurons called? | synapse
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| CNS? | brain and spinal cord
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| whats an axon? | fiber through which a cell transports information to another cell
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| axon terminals | branched features at the end of the axon that for synapses.
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| MRI | uses radiofrequncy waves and a strong magnentic field to privide highly detalield pictures of the brain
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| cat | injected with a radioactive dye, and specialized xray equipment photographs the breain from tdifferend angles.
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| pychological test | personality test
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| MMPI | minessota mulitphasic personality invetory
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| faking good | describin oneself as more psychologically healty than one
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| faking bad | presentin oneself as more phuchollgically distress than is than is actually there
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| intelligence quotient | a score of cognitive functioning that compares a person's performance to his or her age0mateched peers
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| psychoanalitic model | life is unconsious and that personality patterns begin to form in childhoo
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| cognitive | events dont form is the way we percieve them does.
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| humanistic modl | basedon phenomenology; ones subjective perception of the world is more important than the actual world, hunanists belive that people are basically good and are motivated to self-actualize
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