Clinical Medicine II
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| show | leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma
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| Bone marrow failure | show 🗑
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| Myeloproliferative conditions | show 🗑
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| Tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue | show 🗑
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| 4 classifications of malignant neoplasms | show 🗑
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| show | acute: undifferentiated, rapid, chronic: mature cells, prolonged onset
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| show | t and b cells, ALL, CLL, lymphoma: hodgin, NHL, Multiple myeloma
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| show | granulocytes, monocytes, AML, CML
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| show | lymphoma
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| show | AML and CLL Peds: ALL
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| In general what leads to leukemia | show 🗑
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| show | nl cell development arrested, rapid proliferation of tumor cells→↓apoptosis so may cells, nl cells can’t form
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| What are the 3 results w/I the body | show 🗑
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| show | exposures: carcinogenic, radiation, chemo,benzene, hair dyes, genetic, pesticides
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| show | down syndrome, congenital neutropenia, fanconi anemia, neurofibromatosis
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| show | leukemia
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| show | anemia
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| Infections/fever, oral throat, respiratory, uti, skin infx | show 🗑
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| Bleeding-skin, bums, mucous membranes, GI, GU, brusing | show 🗑
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| show | medullary bone marrow cancer, splenomegaly
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| What is a painless mass | show 🗑
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| show | generalized wt loss, fever, drenching night sweats
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| show | anemia, neutropenia, thromobycytopenia: petchiae, eccymoses, spleen, liver enlargement and lymphadenopathy
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| How do we Dx leukemia | show 🗑
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| show | auer rods, Philidelphia chromosome, CLL: smudge cells
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| show | middle aged
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| Tx in general for leukemia | show 🗑
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| show | (remission) indusction, consolidation: post remission therapy, maintenance therapy
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| show | cytopenias: infx, bleeding, tumor lysis syndrome
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| Most electrolytes are elevated→renal failure | show 🗑
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| 3 ways to use HSCT | show 🗑
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| show | autologous: self, allogenic: someone else: problem: graph vs. host dz
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| show | initial: chronic, Accerlerated phase (transitional), blastic phase: similar to acute
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| What is associated w/ Philadelphia chromosome | show 🗑
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| Two types of lymphoid neoplasms | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytic leukemia
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| Wjere does lymphocytic leukemia infiltrate | show 🗑
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| show | ALL: 85%B cell 15% T cell and CLL: B cell 90% both may/may not have a lesion
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| Symtoms include for ALL | show 🗑
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| show | painless LAD, B symptoms, HSM, skin
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| What is lymphoma | show 🗑
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| What are reed-sternberg cells associated with | show 🗑
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| show | EBV, immunosuppression, familial link: exposures and genetics
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| Clinical signs of HL | show 🗑
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| show | CBC often nl, lymph node biopsy ++ for reed-sternberg cells
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| show | radiation alone, chemo alone, combined often very high survival
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| show | lymph node progression in order, and reed-sternberg cells, involves B cells
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| show | can begin in any region of lymphatic sxs: Non-hodgkins lymphoma
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| Types of NHL | show 🗑
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| show | >2cm, persistence >4-6weeks, progressive increase in size
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| NHL presentation | show 🗑
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| What will t-cell involvement present as | show 🗑
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| show | pain in chest, abd, bone, GI: N/V anorexia abd fullness, CNS lethargy FND
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| show | lymph node/tissue biopsy, bone marrow biopsy, morphology and phenotype, CBCs, chemistries, LFTs LDH Imaging
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| When do you think NHL | show 🗑
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| show | radiation chemo bio therapy watchful waiting
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| Monoclonal abs given to carry drugs, toxins or radioactive material directly to cancer cells | show 🗑
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| When is NHL prognosis worse | show 🗑
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| Tumors of differentiated B cells | show 🗑
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| Two types of plasma cell neoplasm | show 🗑
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| Causes of MM | show 🗑
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| show | calcium (elevation), renal failure, anemia, bone lesions
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| show | extensive skeletal destruction d/t osteoclast activation →↑Ca+ in blood
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| Clinical signs of MM | show 🗑
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| show | bone marrow suppression, ↓ RBC d/t infiltration of tumor cells Signs: fatigue SOB, weakness
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| How do we dx MM w/ UA | show 🗑
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| Fragments of abs in the urine | show 🗑
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| Stacked blood cells d/t excess proteins in blood | show 🗑
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| Different methods for MM dx | show 🗑
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| Tests to identify MM | show 🗑
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| TX MM | show 🗑
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| Is MM curable | show 🗑
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| Causes of bone marrow failure | show 🗑
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| Diminished or absent hematopoietic precurses in the bone marrow | show 🗑
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| Causes of aplastic anemia | show 🗑
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| show | autoimmune, immune suppression
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| show |
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| show | pancytopenia, normocytic cells, but reduced number no abnormal cells anywhere in any bx or smears
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| show | withdraw causative agents, supportive care, HPCT, immunosuppression
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| Problem w/ AA | show 🗑
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| show | myelodysplastic syndrome: cytopenias, dysmorphic,
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| show | >65yo, radiation, benzene chemo etc
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| Dx of MDS | show 🗑
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| Prognosis of MDS | show 🗑
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| show | polycythemia vera: huge number of RBC’s
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| show | vertigo, tinnitus, HA, visual disteracnes, HTN, thrombosis, TIA splenomegaly, excoriations, GI distress (all d/t ↑RBC)
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| Dx of PCV | show 🗑
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| Tx of PCV | show 🗑
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| show | thrombosis, AML progression, can do well for years
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| Cell number and appearance/fxn of cells in AA, Myeloid, polycythemia vera | show 🗑
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