blood
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| name the 5 functions of blood | show 🗑
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| describe how blood stabilizes body temperature | show 🗑
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| what is the temperature of blood? | show 🗑
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| show | 8%
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| describe blood matrix | show 🗑
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| show | albumin:55-60%, manufactured in liver, maintains water balance, transports fatty acids/thyroid/ steroidal hormones
globulins:35-37%, alpha&beta move hormones/lipids/metals/fat-soluble vitamins; immunoglobulins (gamma) are antibodies
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| show | 4-7% of plasma, aid in clotting
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| briefly describe the cells of the blood | show 🗑
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| what is the difference between plasma and serum? | show 🗑
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| describe the origin of blood | show 🗑
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| show | red marrow, in the epiphysis of long bones and all short/flat/irregular bones
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| name the four things that aid hematopoiesis | show 🗑
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| describe the reticulo-endothelial organs | show 🗑
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| show | originate from proerythroblast, manufactured in red marrow, carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| show | size variation
microcyte: <6, iron deficiency anemia
macrocyte: 9-12, sprue
megalocyte: >12, pernicious anemia
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| describe the staining properties of red blood cells | show 🗑
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| define poikilocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | housed in cell's biconcavity, has a heme portion (oxygen affinity) and a globin-protein portion (carbon dioxide affinity), has 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
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| what does -cytosis mean? -cytopenia? | show 🗑
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| briefly describe platelets | show 🗑
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| how do thrombocytes affect clotting? | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasmic fragments with purplish granules, derived from the cytoplasm splitting of the megakaryocyte
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| describe the granules of thrombocytes | show 🗑
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| briefly describe white blood cells | show 🗑
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| name the granulocytic white blood cells | show 🗑
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| describe neutrophils | show 🗑
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| show | deep blue cytoplasmic granules, rarest (0-1%), increases with parasitic infections and allergies, resembles mast cells because both release histamine and heparin
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| describe eosinophils | show 🗑
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| name the agranulocytic white blood cells | show 🗑
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| describe lymphocytes | show 🗑
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| describe monocytes | show 🗑
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| show | vascular: vasoconstriction platelet: platelet aggregation coagluation: clotting factors come into play
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| show | wound -> vasoconstriction -> platelet aggregation -> ADP release to increase size and stickiness -> emergency plug formation -> thromboplastin, factor 3 secretion
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| describe the second step of the clotting process | show 🗑
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| show | thrombin + fibrinogen -> fibrin (full clot) + fibrin stabilizing factor (13)
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| describe prothrombin | show 🗑
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| show | first step after clotting, the clot retracts from the vessel walls and pulls the tissue together
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| show | begins within 2 days
clot formation -> TPA release -> plasminogen converts to plasmin -> plasmin digests fibrin to which the clot is attached -> clot breakdown
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| show | antigens
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| show | physical expression of a gene
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| show | genetic expression of a gene
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| define agglutinogen | show 🗑
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| show | antibody found in plasma or serum
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| show | clumping reaction that occurs between an agglutinin and agglutinogen
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| what is the difference between forward and reverse typing? | show 🗑
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| show | 85-89% of people, a surface antigen is present on the red blood cells
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| show | no surface antigen is present on the red blood cells
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| show | when an Rh- individual is exposed to incompatability
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| show | Rhogam is used to prevent future incompatibility between mother and baby, because the birth of the first child may have caused antibodies to be formed in the mother. Rhogam is use after a Rh- mother births a Rh+ baby
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| why is type O blood known as a universal donor? | show 🗑
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| show | it doesn't have antibodies that would react with a donor's blood
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| show | A antigen present on cell surface, anti-B antibodies present, compatible with A and O blood
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| show | B antigen present on cell surface, anti-A antibodies present, compatible with B and O blood
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| show | A and B antigens present on cell surface, neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies present, compatible with all blood types
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| show | neither A nor B antigens present on cell surface, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies present, compatible with only O blood
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| describe T and B cells | show 🗑
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