Vocabulary for science test 4/10/2012
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| Cell Division | Def. - The process of one cell dividing into two daughter cells.
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| Chromosome | Def. - A structure made of DNA and protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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| Reproduction | Def. - The formation of new organisms of the same species.
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| Asexual Reproduction | Def. - A type of reproduction that requires only one parent.
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| Sexual Reproduction | Def. - A type of reproduction that involves special cells called sex cells.
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| Sex Cells | Def. - Special cells that contain half the number of chromosones as body cells.
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| Meiosis | Def. - Cell division that produces sex cells with half the number of chromosomes.
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| Diploid | Def. - A double/complete set of chromosomes.
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| Haploid | Def. - A half set of chromosomes.
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| Fertilization | Def. - The union of an egg and sperm.
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| Zygote | Def. - A fertilized egg.
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| Embryo | Def. - An organism in its earliest stage of development.
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| Cell Differentiation | Def. - The process of cell specialization.
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| Adaptation | Def. - An inherited trait that helps an organism to survive.
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| Evolution | Def. - The process of how organisms acquire adaptations over time.
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| Ancestor | Def. - An organism from which others have descended.
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| Cladogram | Def. - A tree-like diagram that displays evolutionary relationships among living species and their ancestors.
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| Homologous structures | Def. - Body structures that have a common origin but do no necessarily perform the same function.
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| Vertebrates | Def. - Animals with a backbone.
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| Natural Selection | Def. - The process by which organisms with favorable adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than organisms with less-favorable adaptations.
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| Genetic Variation | Def. - The variety of alleles in a population.
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| Testes | Def. - Produce sprem and testosterone.
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| Hormone | Def. - A chemical that regulates body functions.
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| Semen | Def. - A mixture of sperm and fluid that is ejaculated during sexual intercourse.
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| Ovaries | Def. - Female organs that produce eggs and female hormones.
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| Ovulation | Def. - The release of a mature egg from the ovary.
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| Follicle | Def. - A structure of the ovary where an egg matures.
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| Implantation | Def. - The process in which an embryo becomes embedded in the lining of the uterus
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| Umbilical Cord | Def. - Contains arteries and veins that connect the embryo to the placenta.
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| Fetus | Def. - An embryo that has developed for 8 weeks and has formed the major structures.
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| Process of Natural Selection | 1. Populations over-reproduce.
2. Individuals in a population vary.
3. Favorable adaptations are selected.
4. Favorable adaptations accumulate.
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| Evolution of New Species | 1. Isolation
2. Adaptation
3. Differentiation
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