Flashcards made for studying for CCMA exam through NHA
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| show | Orthopnea
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| show | Hypoventilation
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| Abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing | show 🗑
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| State in which there is an increased amount of air entering the lungs | show 🗑
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| show | Blood Pressure
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| Common Errors in Blood Measurements: | show 🗑
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| The four principles of physical exam are: | show 🗑
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| show | Room Preparation,Patient Preparation, Assisting the physician
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| show | The patient's health history, the physical exam, and lab tests
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| This patient position is used for most physical exams. The patient lies on his/her back with legs extended. | show 🗑
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| This position is when the patient lays on their back with knees flexed and soles of feet flat on the bed. | show 🗑
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| show | Fowler's Position
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| Position used for examination of pelvic organs.For example, delivery | show 🗑
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| show | Prone Position
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| show | Sim's Position
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| Used for rectal and vaginal examinations, the patient is on his/her knees with his/her chest resting on the bed arms above head | show 🗑
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| show | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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| Responsible for the identification of the various hazards present in the workplace and for the creation of rules and regulations to minimize exposure to such hazards | show 🗑
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| show | report it to your supervisor immediately
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| show | Physical hazards, Chemical hazards, Biological hazards
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| show | Use only ground plugs that have been approved by Underwriter's Laboratory (UL), Never use extension cords, Avoid electrical circuit overloading, Use signs and/or labels to indicate high voltage
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| Chemical Safety Regualtions | show 🗑
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| Biological Hazards | show 🗑
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| show | External Hemorrhage, Cardiopumonary Resuscitation,Shock
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| show | Pale,cold clammy skin/Rapid,weak pulse/Increased,shallow breathing rate/Expressionless face;staring eyes
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| First Aid for Shock | show 🗑
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| show | Portal of exit=Agent=Mode of transmission=Suceptible host=Portal of entry
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| Agents | show 🗑
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| show | The method which an infectious agent leaves its reservoir
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| show | Specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host
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| 5 main types of mode of transmission | show 🗑
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| Portal of Entry | show 🗑
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| Susceptible Host | show 🗑
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| Medical Asepsis | show 🗑
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| show | Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions
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| show | 1:10 solution of household bleach
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| Another form of disinfection is boiling water at what temperature: | show 🗑
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| Four methods of sterilization | show 🗑
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| Gas Sterilization | show 🗑
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| Dry Heat Sterilization | show 🗑
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| Steam Sterilization Sterilization(autoclave) | show 🗑
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| PPE includes: | show 🗑
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| Standard Precautions are used when there is a possibility of contact with any of the following: | show 🗑
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| Standard Precautions are: | show 🗑
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| show | 1)patient's name&info2)Todays date3)Name of med4)Dosage of med5)How many doses taken at once6)Route7)How often med should be taken&how to take it8)Number of doses being dispensed9)#of Refills10)DEA#11)Doctor's Sig
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| PO | show 🗑
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| show | Per rectum or "by way of the rectum" by suppository
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| SL | show 🗑
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| show | Intravenous
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| IM | show 🗑
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| SQ | show 🗑
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| show | every day
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| show | twice a day
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| tid | show 🗑
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| show | four times a day
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| show | after meals or not on an empty stomach
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| show | each night
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| prn | show 🗑
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| show | In the thoracic cavity between the lungs just behind the sternum.
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| show | Endocardium
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| The middle and contractile layer of the heart. It is made up of striated muscle fibers interspersed with interspersed disks. | show 🗑
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| The outermost layer of the heart. It is actually the inner (visceral) layer of pericardium | show 🗑
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| show | Pericardium
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| Right Atrium | show 🗑
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| show | Receives deoxygenated blood from the right
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| show | The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood
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| show | Receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins
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| show | The only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood
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| show | Receives the oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta, the largest artery of the body
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| What is the purpose of the heart valves? | show 🗑
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| AV | show 🗑
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| show | located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. As the name connotes, it has three cusps
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| show | Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It has two cusps and it is also called the bicuspid valve
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| show | Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
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| show | Located between the left ventricle and aorta
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| How are murmurs caused? | show 🗑
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| show | First sound is due to the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
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| S2 | show 🗑
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| What arteries supply the heart? | show 🗑
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| ANS | show 🗑
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | affects the atria only by decreasing heart rate,conduction and irritability
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| show | The ability of the cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously initiate their own electical impulse without being stimulated from another source
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| show | Also referred to as irritability. Is shared by all cardiac cells and it is the ability to respond to external stimlulus: electrical, chemical, and mechanical.
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| Conductivity | show 🗑
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| Contractility | show 🗑
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| Primary pacemaker of the heart and has a normal firing rate of 60-100 bpm | show 🗑
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| Where is the SA Node found? | show 🗑
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| show | A 1/10 of a second delay of electrical activity at this level to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles
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| Bundle of His | show 🗑
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| show | Within the ventricular endocardium
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| Purkinje Fibers | show 🗑
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| EKG consists of | show 🗑
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| show | Consist of three bipolar leads and three augmented leads. These leads record electrical potentials in the frontal plane.
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| Where are Limb Leads placed? | show 🗑
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| Where are Bipolar Leads placed? | show 🗑
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| Lead I | show 🗑
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| Lead II | show 🗑
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| Lead III | show 🗑
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| Augmented Unipolar Lead | show 🗑
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| Lead aVR | show 🗑
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| show | =Left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative
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| Lead aVF | show 🗑
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| V1 | show 🗑
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| show | Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border
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| V3 | show 🗑
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| V4 | show 🗑
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| show | Fifth intercostal space, anterior axillary line
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| V6 | show 🗑
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| Waveform | show 🗑
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| show | Line between two waveforms
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| show | Waveform plus a segment
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| show | Several waveforms
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| show | The deflection produced by atrial depolarization.
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| The normal P wave in standard,limb, and precordial leads does not exceed: | show 🗑
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| show | T Wave and U wave
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| T wave | show 🗑
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| U wave | show 🗑
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| QRS Complex | show 🗑
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| show | The ventricle is depolarized from the endocardium to the myocardium, to the epicardium.
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| Q Wave | show 🗑
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| show | The first positive deflection produced by ventricular depolarization
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| show | The first negative deflection produced by the ventricular depolarization that follows the first positive deflection,(R)wave
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| show | The interval between two R waves
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| show | P wave plus the PR segment.
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| Normal interval for PR | show 🗑
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| show | Represents vetnricular depolarization time, should not be more than 0.1 sec
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| PR segment | show 🗑
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| show | Point at which QRS complex ends and ST segment begins
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| show | From J point to onset of the T wave
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| Somatic Tremors | show 🗑
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| Wandering Baseline | show 🗑
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| 60-cycle interference | show 🗑
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| show | the stylus goes up and down trying to find the signal
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| show | Where electrical flow follows the usual conduction pathway but is too fast, too slow, or irregular. Normal sinus rate is 60-100 bpm
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| Ectopic Rhythms | show 🗑
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| Conduction Blocks | show 🗑
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| show | The electrical impulses bypass the normal pathway and, instead, go down an accessory shortcut
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| Ischemia | show 🗑
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| show | Infarction refers to the actual death of the myocardial cells
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| Holter Monitor | show 🗑
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| Recording Artifact can result from the following | show 🗑
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| show | One of the essentials of quality care of a patient who is having an acute myocardial infarction
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| Common Pharmacological Agents used for Myocardial Infarction patients: | show 🗑
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| show | Oxygen should be given to all patients with acute chest pain that may be due to cardiac ischemia, suspected hypoxemia of any cause, and cardiopulmary arrest
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| show | is indicated in the management of cardiac arrest. The chance of successful defibrillation is enhanced by administration of epinephrine and proper oxygenation
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| show | Produces an overall increase in heart rate and myocardial contractility, but newer agents have replaced it in most clinical settings.
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| show | is indicated for significant hypotension in the absence of hypovolemia
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| Beta Blockers: Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol, and Esmolol | show 🗑
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| Lidocaine | show 🗑
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| Verapamil | show 🗑
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| Digitalis | show 🗑
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| Morphine Sulfate | show 🗑
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| Nitroglycerin | show 🗑
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| Circulatory System | show 🗑
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| Blood Vessels are: | show 🗑
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| show | The outer connective tissue layer(tunica adventitia). The middle smooth muscle layer(tunica media) and the Inner endothelial layer(tunica intima)
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| What do the aorta, arteries, and arterioles do? | show 🗑
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| What do the venules, veins and superior and inferior vena cavae do? | show 🗑
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| Capillary blood is a mixture of: | show 🗑
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| The average adult has how many liters of blood? | show 🗑
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| What is the liquid portion of blood called? | show 🗑
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| What is the cellular portion of blood called? | show 🗑
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| show | is 55% of the blood and it contains proteins, amino acids, gases electrolytes,sugars,hormones,minerals,vitamins, and water 92%. Also waste products such as urea that are destined for excretion
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| what do the formed elements consist of? | show 🗑
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| Erythrocytes(RBCs) | show 🗑
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| show | An immature RBC, that after 1-2 days, it matures into an erythrocyte.
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| How many RBCs are there per microliter of blood? | show 🗑
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| What is the normal life span of an RBC? | show 🗑
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| show | Small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Essential for blood coagulation
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| show | 140,000 to 440,000 per micro liter of blood
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| show | 9 to 12 days
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| show | Function is to provide the body protection against infection
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| show | 5,000 to 10,000 per microliter
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| Leukocytosis | show 🗑
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| Leukopenia | show 🗑
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| The 5 types of WBCs in the blood | show 🗑
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| show | Is the process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury
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| How does the process of Hemostasis start? | show 🗑
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| show | Stage 1: Vascular Phase, Stage 2: Platelet Phase, Stage 3: Coagulation Phase, Stage 4: Fibrinolysis
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| The Medical Assistant uses three skills when contacting patients for phlebotomy: | show 🗑
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| Blood request forms should include: | show 🗑
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| Venipuncture | show 🗑
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| Factors to consider prior to performing the procedure: | show 🗑
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| Fasting | show 🗑
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| show | The accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Collection from edematous tissue alters test results
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| show | The permanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein. Fistulas are used for dialysis procedures and must never be used for venipunctures due to the possibility of infection
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| show | Laboratory requisition slip&pen/antiseptic/vacutainer tubes/vacutainer needles/needle adapters/winged infusion sets/ sterile syringes and needles/tourniquets/chux/specimen labels/gloves/needle disposal container
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| show | The antecubital fossa of the upper extremities.
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| What are the 3 major veins located in the antecubital fossa? | show 🗑
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| Median cubital vein | show 🗑
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| Cephalic vein | show 🗑
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| show | The third choice. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured
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| Unsuitable veins for venipuncture are: | show 🗑
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| show | These veins feel hard or cordlike. Can be caused by disease,infammation,chemotherapy or repeated venipunctures
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| Tortuous Veins | show 🗑
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| show | 1:Blood Cultures/2:Light Blue top tubes/3:Serum or non-additive tube(Red or Red/Gray top)/4:Green top tubes/5:Lavender top tubes/6:Gray top tubes
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| Simple way to remember order of draw: "BeCause Better Specimens Generate Perfect Goals" | show 🗑
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| show | Patient misidentification,Improper time of collection,Inadequate fast,Exercise, Patient posture, Poor coordination with other treatments,Improper site preparation,Medication interference
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| show | Extended tourniquet time, Hemolysis, Wrong order of draw, Failure to invert tubes, Faulty technique, Under filling tubes
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| show | Failure to seperate serum from cell, Improper use of serum separator, Processing delays, Exposure to light, Improper storage conditions, Rimming clots
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| What not to do when collecting blood specimen: | show 🗑
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| Hematoma | show 🗑
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| show | The increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by the tourniquet being left on too long.(More than 2 mins)
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| Petechiae | show 🗑
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| show | Infammation of a vein as a result of repeated venipuncture on that vein
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| Thrombus | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot
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| show | This is a systemic infection associated with the presence of pathogenic organism introduced during a venipuncture
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| show | This is an injury to underlying tissues caused by probing of the needle
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| show | A manufacturing defect,Expired tube,A very fine crack in the tube,Improperly positioned needle,The bevel of the needle is resting against the wall of the vein,The needle has passed through the vein,The vein was missed completely,Collapsed vein
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| Timed specimens | show 🗑
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| show | To measure blood levels of substances exhibiting diurnal variation,To determine blood levels of medications,To monitor changes in a patient's condition
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| Two-Hour Postprandial Test | show 🗑
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| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT) | show 🗑
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| show | Abnormally high blood sugar level
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| show | Abnormally low blood sugar level
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| Therapeutic Drug Monitoring | show 🗑
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| show | Ordered to detect presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood
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| PKU(phenylketonuria) | show 🗑
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| show | Antibodies produced in response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection(atypical pneumonia). The antibodies formed may attach to red blood cells at temp below body temp, and the specimen must be kept warm until the serum is seperated from cells.
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| Blood is collected in red-topped tubes pre-warmed in the incubator at what temp and for how long? | show 🗑
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| show | Arterial blood gases, ammonia, lactic acid, pyruvate, ACTH, gastrin, parathyroid hormone
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| show | Bilirubin, beta-carotene, Vitamins A&B6, and porphyrins
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| Where is a dermal puncture done on an infant less than 1 year of age? | show 🗑
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| Where is the recommended site for dermal puncture for older children and adults? | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Lavender tube 2)Tubes with other additives 3)Tubes without additives
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| Lavender Top Tube | show 🗑
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| show | 8 times
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| What kind of tests are done with Lavender Top Tubes? | show 🗑
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| show | Contains the anticoagulant Sodium Citrate, which also prevents coagulation to calcium in the specimen. Inverted 3-4 times
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| Common tests done with Light-Blue Top tube | show 🗑
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| show | Contains the anticoagulant Heparin combined with sodium,lithium, or ammonium ion. Heparin works by inhibiting thrombin in the coagulation cascade.Inverted 8 times
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| show | Chemistry tests:performed on plasma such as Ammonia, carboxyhemoglobin and STAT electrolytes
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| Yellow Top Tube | show 🗑
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| QC | show 🗑
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| show | Purpose is to provide reliable data about the patient's health status by ensuring the accuracy of test results while detecting and eliminating errors
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| show | A substance of known value essentially free of impurities and have close to a "true" value.
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| show | Clinical Chemistry/Hematology/Microbiology/and Blood Bank
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| Functions of the Hematology Section of the Lab | show 🗑
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| Coagulation Tests | show 🗑
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| show | Electrophoresis/Toxicology/Immunochemistry
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| show | Analyzes chemical component of blood such as hemoglobin and serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid, based on the differences in electrical charge
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| Toxicology | show 🗑
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| show | This section uses techniques such as radio immunoassay(RIA) and enzyme immunoassay to detect and measure substances such as hormones, enzymes, and drugs
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| show | Liver Profile, Coronary Risk Profile
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| Liver Profile | show 🗑
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| Coronary Risk Profile | show 🗑
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| show | This is where blood is collected, stored, and prepared for transfusion
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| show | Patients full name and date of birth/Patient's hospital ID Number/Date and time of collection/MA's Initials
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| show | ABO and Rh typing, the antibody screen and crossmatch.
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| show | The presence or absence of the "D" antigen on the RBC membrane determines whether a person is RH positive or negative.
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| How present is the D antigen in the population? | show 🗑
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| People who lack the D antigen are: | show 🗑
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| show | Performs tests to evaluate the patient's immune response through the production of antibodies.This section uses serum to analyze presence of antibodies to bacteria,viruses,fungi,parasites
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| Microbiology Section of the Lab have subsections;these sections consist of: | show 🗑
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| show | the study of bacteria
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| show | the study of parasites
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| show | the study of fungi
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| Virology | show 🗑
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| Urinalysis Section of the Lab | show 🗑
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| show | Color, clarity, and specific gravity
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| show | ABGs help assess a patient's ventilation,oxygenation,and acid-base balance.
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| show | Gram-positive bacteria/Gram-negative bacteria
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| show | bacteria that take up and retain the crystal violet and resist alcohol decoloration. They appear blue to black
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| show | Bacteria that are decolorized completely by ethanol and take up safranin counterstain. They appear red
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| show | 2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and a Urethra
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| show | The Kidney
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| What are the kidney's functions? | show 🗑
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| show | A nitrogenous product of protein metabolism, that is the major waste product removed by the kidney
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| Anuria | show 🗑
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| Hematuria | show 🗑
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| show | Presence of excess proteins in urine
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| General Instructions for Urine Collection: | show 🗑
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| First morning urine sample | show 🗑
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| show | Collected not at the beginning or end of voiding, but in the middle of urination.
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| Clean-Catch Specimen | show 🗑
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| show | Clean-catch and Mid-stream because they provide most clearest and accurate results
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| show | Approximately 96% water and 4% dissolved substances consisting mainly of urea,sodium chloride,sulfates and phosphates.
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| The normal urine output averages: | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased urinary output
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| Polyuria | show 🗑
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| The routine urinalysis procedure is composed of three parts: | show 🗑
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| What could the presence of increased numbers of leukocytes(WBCs) in urine indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | Consent given by the patient who is made aware of any procedure to be performed,its risks, expected outcomes, and alternatives
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||||
| show | All patients have a right to privacy and all info should remain privileged. Discuss patient info only with the patient's physician or office personnel that need certain info to do their job
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|
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| Negligence | show 🗑
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| The 4 D's of negligence: | show 🗑
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| Tort | show 🗑
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||||
| Defamation of character | show 🗑
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||||
| show | replaced the Patient's Bill of Rights, is a statement establishing the rights and responsibilities guaranteed by federal law to all health care patients
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
ilovemedicine
Popular Clinical Skills sets