Chap 15
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| -a relative constancy in the internal environment of the body that is naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival | show 🗑
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| show | heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, and electrolyte balance
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| -primary mechanisms that adapt to responses inside or outside the body to maintain homeostasis | show 🗑
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| show | body temp, pulse rate,blood pressure, respiratory rate, mental alertness (sensorium)
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| show | they often reveal the first clue of adverse reactions associated with treatments and diagnostic procedures
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| show | body temp
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| show | thermoregulation
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| show | hypothalamus
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| What can initiate peripheral vasodilation and sweating to dissipate body heat? | show 🗑
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| show | sweating
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| What does shivering do? | show 🗑
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| What does vasoconstriction do? | show 🗑
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| The _______ thermometer has a rounded bulb whereas the _______ type has a slender, more pointed tip. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. oral
2. axillary
3. tympanic
4. temporal
5. rectal
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| - temp obtained by placing the thermometer high between the upper arm and the torso | show 🗑
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| How long must the thermometer stay in place for an accurate axillary reading? | show 🗑
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| show | 2.5 - 5 mins
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| -obtained by placing a tympanic membrane thermometer in the ear | show 🗑
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| show | rectal
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| show | temporal artery
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| -when the oral temp is higher than 99.5 a fever exists | show 🗑
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| show | febrile
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| -when the patients temperature falls below the normal range | show 🗑
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| What is the normal range for body temp? | show 🗑
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| -the depth of breath | show 🗑
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| show | 12-20 breaths / min
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| What is the normal respiratory rate for a child? infant? | show 🗑
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| During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves? | show 🗑
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| Downward movment of the diaphragm causes an expansion in the chest cavity and what happens to the pressure? | show 🗑
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| How is respiratory rate obtained? | show 🗑
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| show | without the patient knowing it
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| -term used to describe rates greater than 20 breaths/min in an adult patient | show 🗑
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| term used to describe a decrease in respiratory rate | show 🗑
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| show | bradypnea
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| -difficulty breathing while lying down | show 🗑
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| show | 110-170 / min
60-100 beats /min
70-120 beats/min
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| show | 120 / 80
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| What are the three common sites for measuring pulse rate? | show 🗑
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| What is ausultation? | show 🗑
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| show | listening to the heart with a stethoscope placed over the chest and counting each heartbeat
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| -reflect the rapidity of each heart contraction and are recorded as the number of beats/min | show 🗑
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| How are arterial oxygen saturation levels measured> | show 🗑
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| show | arterial line
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| show | pulse oximeter
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| How are hemoglobin oxygen saturation and pulse rate determined? | show 🗑
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| show | 95%-100%
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| -when heart contractions & pulse rates increase by more than 20 BPM in the resting adult or reach a rate greater than 100 BPM | show 🗑
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| show | bradycardia
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| -measure of the force exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart | show 🗑
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| -the pressure that is exerted on the arterial vessels by the blood when relaxed | show 🗑
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| show | systolic
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| -the persistent elevation of blood pressure above 140/90 | show 🗑
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| show | hypotension
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| How long does it take for the brain to suffer irreversible damage without oxygen? | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen
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| -inadequate amt of axygen at the cellular level | show 🗑
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| show | brain, heart, lungs, liver
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| Oxygen is given out in what does? | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen flowmeter
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| show | pressure manometer
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| What two categories of oxygen conservin devices deliver a specifically measured dose to the patient? | show 🗑
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| -delivers a fixed volume of oxygen supply during breathing | show 🗑
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| show | conventional
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| - device does not meet the entire inspiratory needs of the patient | show 🗑
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| show | high-flow, fixed or precise oxygen concentration
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| The most common device used to deliver low concentration of oxygen? | show 🗑
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| Flow rates up to ____ LPM can be used for the nasal cannula. However only flow rates of ______ are used. | show 🗑
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| ______ is added to the nasal cannula delivery system when flows are greater than 4 LPM are used. | show 🗑
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| Simple oxygen masks are considered to be what type of device? | show 🗑
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| show | greater than 6 LPM
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| show | nonrebreathing
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| _____ are used for infants to deliver oxygen. | show 🗑
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| show | flexing or bending the neck
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| What are the 4 uses/needs for endotracheal tubes? | show 🗑
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| show | tracheal intubation
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| show | chest radiograph, showing the distal tip 1-2 in superior to the tracheal bifurcation
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| show | overventilation of the right lung and potential airway obstruction of the left
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| show | chest tubes
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| show | to drain the intrapleural space and the mediastinum
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| show | thoracostomy tubes
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| show | pneumothorax
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| show | hemothorax
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| show | pleural effsion
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| -pus in the plerual cavity | show 🗑
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| show | CV Lines - central venous
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| What were CV lines developed for? | show 🗑
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| show | CV catheters
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| What is the goal of the CV postion? | show 🗑
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| show | The superior vena cava approx 2-3 in above the right atrial junction
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| show | bc of the size of the vein
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| show | subclavian vein
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| show | Swan-Ganz catheters
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| show | To estimate left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
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| What are some examples of complications from CV lines? | show 🗑
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| -the product of heart rate and stroke volume and is the vital event necessary to maintain blood flow throughout the cardiovascular system. | show 🗑
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| show | adequate blood volume and a regular cycle of muscular relaxation and contraction
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| -events that occur from the beginning of one ventricular contraction until the beginning of another | show 🗑
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| -abnormalities within the neural conduction system which will adversely affect cardiac output | show 🗑
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