Professor Lucas' Cumulative Final - David Myers Psychology 9th Edition
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| View that psych 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. | show 🗑
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| Type of psych that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. | show 🗑
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| Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition. | show 🗑
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| Cognitive Neuroscience includes these 4 things: P, T, M, & L. | show 🗑
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| Science of mental processes and behavior. | show 🗑
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| Longstanding controversy over the contributions that _______ and experience make to the development of psychological traits and ________. | show 🗑
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| Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon. | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 levels of analysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Biopsychosocial Approach
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| show | Basic Research
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| show | Applied Research
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| show | Clinical Psychology
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| show | Psychiatry
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| show | Hindsight Bias
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| show | Critical Thinking
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| Explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. | show 🗑
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| show | Hypothesis
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| show | Operational Definition
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| show | Operational Definition
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| show | Replication
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| All the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. | show 🗑
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| show | Random Sample
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| show | Naturalistic Observation
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| Measure of the extent two factors vary together, and thus how well each factor predicts the other. | show 🗑
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| show | Illusory Coefficient
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| show | Experiment
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| Experimental results caused by expectations alone; caused by the administration of an inert substance, where recipient assumes is an active agent. | show 🗑
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| show | Experimental Group
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| Group not exposed to treatment. | show 🗑
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| show | Independent Variable
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| show | Dependent Variable
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| Most frequently occurring score in a distribution. | show 🗑
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| show | Standard Deviation
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| show | Normal Curve
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| Enduring behaviors/ideas/attitudes/traditions shared by a large group of people generation to generation. | show 🗑
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| show | Biological Psych
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| Nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory Neurons
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| ____ _____ carry outgoing info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. | show 🗑
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| ______ are within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs. | show 🗑
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| show | Dendrite
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| show | Axon
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| show | Myelin Sheath
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| show | Action Potential
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| Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. | show 🗑
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| Between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite/cell body receiving neuron. | show 🗑
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| Chemical messengers that travel synaptic gap between neurons. Determine whether a neuron will generate a neural impulse. | show 🗑
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| show | Re-uptake
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| Central Nervous System is made up of: | show 🗑
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| show | Peripheral Nervous System
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| Bundled axons connecting CNS w/ muscles/glands/sense organs. | show 🗑
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| Division of peripheral nervous system controlling body's skeletal muscles. | show 🗑
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| Division of peripheral nervous system controlling glands & muscles of internal organs. Sympathetic division; arouses, Parasympathetic division; calms. | show 🗑
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| show | Sympathetic Nervous System
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| Calms | show 🗑
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| show | Endocrine System
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| Pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys - help arouse body in times of stress. | show 🗑
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| show | Pituitary Gland
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| show | Brainstem
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| show | Medulla
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| show | Reticular formation
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| show | Thalamus
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| show | Cerebellum
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| Neural system between cerebral hemispheres - emotions and drives. | show 🗑
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| Linked to emotion. | show 🗑
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| Below thalamus - directs maintenance activities (eating/drinking/temperature), linked to emotion + reward. | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| Involved with speaking, muscle movement, making plans/judgements - just behind forehead. | show 🗑
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| Receives sensory input for touch + body position - top of the head towards rear. | show 🗑
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| show | Occipital Lobes
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| show | Temporal Lobes
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| Controls voluntary movements - rear of frontal lobes. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory Cortex
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| Involved in higher mental functions (learning/remembering/speaking/thinking), not primary motor sensory functions. | show 🗑
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| show | Corpus Callosum
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| show | Consciousness
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| Interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition. | show 🗑
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| show | Inattentional Blindness
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| show | Behavior Genetics
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| All nongenetic influences. | show 🗑
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| Made of DNA and containing genes. | show 🗑
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| Biochemical units of heredity making up chromosomes. | show 🗑
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| Instructions for making an organism - including all genetic material in that organism's chromosomes. | show 🗑
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| show | Evolutionary Psychology.
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| Prescribe proper behavior - understood rule for accepted/expected behavior. | show 🗑
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| show | Individualism
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| show | Collectivism
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| Promotes growth of male sex organs. | show 🗑
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| show | Role
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| show | Gender Typing
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| show | Social Learning Theory
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| Fertilized egg (_____), develops into an _____. | show 🗑
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| Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. | show 🗑
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| show | Cognition
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| Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. | show 🗑
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| Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new info. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensorimotor Stage
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| show | Object Permanence
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| show | Preoperational Stage
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| show | Egocentrism
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| People's ideas about their own + others' mental states - about their feelings/perceptions/thoughts - and the behaviors these might predict. | show 🗑
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| Stage when children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. (7-11yrs) | show 🗑
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| Stage when people begin thinking logically about abstract concepts. (12+yrs) | show 🗑
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| Optimal period shortly after birth when organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. | show 🗑
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| show | Basic Trust
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| Non-reproductive sexual characteristics (female breasts/hips, male voice) | show 🗑
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| One's sense of self. | show 🗑
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| show | Longitudinal Study
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| show | Crystallized Intelligence
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| Ability to reason speedily + abstractly; decreases w/ age. | show 🗑
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| show | Perception
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| show | Bottom-Up Processing
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| show | Top-Down Processing
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| Often unconscious activation of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perceptions/memory/response. | show 🗑
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| show | Weber's LAw
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| Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. | show 🗑
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| Light enters through this adjustable opening in the eye. | show 🗑
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| show | Iris
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| Changes shape to focus images on the retina. | show 🗑
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| show | Retina
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| Retinal receptors detecting black/grey/white, necessary for peripheral + twilight vision. | show 🗑
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| show | Cones
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| Nerve carrying neural impulses from eye to brain. | show 🗑
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| Where optic nerve leaves eye, ____ ____ forms. = no receptor cells there. | show 🗑
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| show | Fovea
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| show | Opponent-Process Theory
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| Tube in inner ear where sound waves trigger nerve impulses. | show 🗑
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| Hearing theory that links pitch we here with the place where cochlea's membrane is stimulated. | show 🗑
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| show | Frequency Theory
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| show | Vestibular Sense
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| show | Phi Phenomenon
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| Branch of psych exploring how people interact with machines. | show 🗑
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| Relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. | show 🗑
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| show | Classical Conditioning
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| show | Associative Learning
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| show | Unconditioned Response (UR):Salivating when food is in mouth.
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| Stimulus naturally + automatically triggering a response. | show 🗑
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| Learned response to previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). | show 🗑
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| Originally irrelevant stimulus, after association w/ an (US) triggers (CR). | show 🗑
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| show | Acquisition
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| show | Generalization
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| show | Operant Conditioning
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| Behavior operating on environment, producing consequences. | show 🗑
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| Thorndike's principle for behaviors followed by favorable consequences to become more likely, & vice-verse. | show 🗑
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| show | Primary Reinforcer
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| show | Fixed-Ratio Schedule
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| show | Variable-Ratio Schedule
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| show | Fixed-Interval Schedule
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| Reinforces response at unpredictable time intervals. | show 🗑
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| Learning that occurs but not apparent until there's an incentive for it to be demonstrated. | show 🗑
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| show | Intrinsic Motivation
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| Desire to perform behavior to receive promised rewards/avoid threatened punishment. | show 🗑
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| show | Modeling
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| Tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice. | show 🗑
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| Memory retention independent of conscious recollection. | show 🗑
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| Memory of facts/experiences that one consciously knows. | show 🗑
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| show | Hippocampus
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| 1) Retrieve info prev. learned 2) Identify info previously learned | show 🗑
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| Tendency to recall experiences consistent w/ one's current good/bad mood. | show 🗑
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| show | Proactive Interference
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| show | Retroactive Interference
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| A mental image/best example of a category. | show 🗑
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| show | Heuristic
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| Inability to see a problem from new perspective by employing different mental set. | show 🗑
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| show | Phoneme
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| Smallest unit carrying meaning in language. (Exp. Prefix) | show 🗑
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| Rule set we derive meaning from words/sentences/morphemes. | show 🗑
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| show | Semantics
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| Rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences in a lang. | show 🗑
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| show | Aphasia
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| show | Broca's Area
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| Controls language reception. (Language comprehension + expression, left temporal lobe) | show 🗑
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| show | Intelligence
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| show | Validity
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| show | Content Validity
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| show | Predictive Validity
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| Predictive Validity is assessed by: | show 🗑
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| Response of whole organism involving physiological arousal/expressive behaviors/conscious experience. | show 🗑
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| show | James-Lange Theory
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| show | Cannon-Bard Theory
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| show | 2-Factor Theory
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| show | Catharsis
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| show | Relieves aggressive urges.
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| Self-perceived happiness/satisfaction w/ life. | show 🗑
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| Tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by prior experiences. | show 🗑
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| show | Relative Deprivation
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| Process we perceive & respond to stressors we appraise threatening/challenging. | show 🗑
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| General Adaptation Syndrome(GAS): concept of body's adaptive response to stress in 3 phases: A, R, E | show 🗑
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| show | Coping
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| Indv's characteristic pattern of thinking/feeling/acting. | show 🗑
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| Id, Ego, or Superego operates as the conscience? | show 🗑
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| Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital =? | show 🗑
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| When id's pleasure-seeking Es focus on distinct erogenous zones. | show 🗑
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| process children incorporate parents' values into their developing superegos. | show 🗑
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| Jung -> concept: shared inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history. | show 🗑
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| Motivation to fulfill potential. | show 🗑
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| Attitude of total acceptance toward another person. (Rogers) | show 🗑
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| Characteristic pattern of behavior/disposition to act as assessed by self-report inventories + peer reports. | show 🗑
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| views behavior as influenced by interaction between people's traits and their social context. | show 🗑
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