Test #1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes | show 🗑
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| show | Description, Explanation, Theory, prediction and control
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| What is a theory? | show 🗑
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| Focused on structure or basic elements of the mind | show 🗑
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| Established first psychology laboratory | show 🗑
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| Who was involved in structuralism? | show 🗑
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| show | Developed objective introspection
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| show | Edward Titchener
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| show | Margaret Washburn
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| show | Early 1900s
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| Function in the real world | show 🗑
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| show | Functionalism
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| Proposed by William James | show 🗑
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| show | Educational psychology, Evolutionary psychology, Industrial/organizational psychology
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| Perception can only be understood as a complete event | show 🗑
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| show | Max Wertheimer/Gestalt Psychology
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| German translated as "organized whole" | show 🗑
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| show | Field focuses on perception, learning, memory, thought processes, and problem solving/gestalt psychology
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| show | Psychoanalysis
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| Trained as a physician, worked with patients with nervous disorders | show 🗑
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| show | Psychoanalysis
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| Where threatening impulses and desires are repressed | show 🗑
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| show | Freud's concepts
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| show | Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson
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| show | Ivan Pavlov
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| show | John B. Watson
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| Must be directly seen and measure, ignore notion of unconscious | show 🗑
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| show | Believed phobias were learned through conditioning/behaviorism
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| What are some Modern perspectives? | show 🗑
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| show | Psychodynamic perspective
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| show | Psychodynamic perspective
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| Discover motivations behind behavior (no emphasis on sexual motivations) | show 🗑
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| Developed theory of how voluntary behavior is learned | show 🗑
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| show | B. F. Skinner/ behavioral perspective
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| show | Behavioral perspective
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| show | Humanistic perspective
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| Who were some early contributors to the humanistic perspective? | show 🗑
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| show | Modern humanism
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| Major force emerging in 1960's | show 🗑
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| show | Cognitive perspective
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| Physical workings of brain and nervous system, use imaging techniques (MRI, PET) | show 🗑
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| show | Sociocultural perspective
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| Behavior is a result of biological events in the body (Genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system) | show 🗑
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| show | Evolutionary perspective
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| show | Scientific Method
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| show | Hypothesis
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| What are the steps in the Scientific Method? | show 🗑
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| show | 5. Report results
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| show | Naturalistic observation
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| What is the advantage to naturalistic observation? | show 🗑
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| What are the disadvantages to naturalistic observation? | show 🗑
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| How may you reduce observer effect? | show 🗑
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| show | Observer effect
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| Observers see what they expect to see... | show 🗑
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| How may you reduce observer bias? | show 🗑
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| Watching animals or humans in a laboratory setting | show 🗑
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| What are the advantages to Laboratory observation? | show 🗑
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| show | Artificial situation that may result in artificial behavior
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| show | Case study
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| What are advantages to case studies? | show 🗑
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| What are disadvantages to case studies? | show 🗑
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| Researcher asks a series of questions about the topic under study | show 🗑
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| show | Survey
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| What are advantages to suverys? | show 🗑
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| show | Have to ensure representative sample (or results not meaningful), people not always accurate (courtesy bias)
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| Measure of the relationship between two variables | show 🗑
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| Anything that can change or vary | show 🗑
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| show | Correlation
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| show | Correlation coefficient (r)
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| show | 1.00 to +1.00
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| How do you know if the relationship is stronger in correlation? | show 🗑
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| show | Positive correlation
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| show | Negative correlation
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| show | Causation
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| Allows researchers to determine cause and effect, deliberate manipulation of variables, holding constant other variables | show 🗑
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| Specifies steps or procedures used to control or measure the experimental variables | show 🗑
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| show | Independent variable (IV)
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| show | Dependent Variable (DV)
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| Receives the manipulation | show 🗑
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| Not subjected to the independent variable, controls for other factors (confounds) that may affect the outcome | show 🗑
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| show | Random assignment
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| show | Placebo effect
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| Experimenter's expectations unintentionally influence study | show 🗑
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| Subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, reduces placebo effect | show 🗑
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| show | Double-blind study
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| show | Institutional review board
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| show | 1. Rights and well-being of participants must be weighed against the study's value to science
2. Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation
3. Deception must be justified
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| show | Animal research
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| show | Nervous system
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| show | Central Nervous system
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| Interprets and stores information and sends orders to muscles, glands, and organs | show 🗑
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| Pathway connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system | show 🗑
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| Transmits information to and from the central nervous system | show 🗑
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| Automatically regulates glands, internal organs and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure | show 🗑
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| Carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles | show 🗑
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| show | Parasympathetic division
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| Prepares the body to react and expend energy in times of stress | show 🗑
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| show | Neuroscience
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| show | Biological psychology/behavioral neuroscience
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| show | Neuron
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| show | Dendrites
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| show | Soma
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| show | Axon
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| Cells that provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, clean up waste products and dead neurons, influence information processing | show 🗑
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| Fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse. | show 🗑
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| Bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through the body | show 🗑
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| Process of molecules moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration | show 🗑
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| The state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse | show 🗑
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| The release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon | show 🗑
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| show | All-or-none
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| show | Synaptic knob
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| show | Axon terminals
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| show | Synaptic vesicles
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| show | Neurotransmitter
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| Microscopic fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell | show 🗑
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| Three-dimensional proteins on the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| Synapse at which neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire | show 🗑
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| Synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firing | show 🗑
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| show | Agonists
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| show | Reuptake
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| Excitatory or inhibitory; involved in memory and controls muscle contractions | show 🗑
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| Excitatory or inhibitory; involved in mood, sleep, and appetite | show 🗑
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| show | GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
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| show | Glutamate
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| show | Norepinephrine
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| show | Dopamine
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| show | Endorphins
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| show | Enzymatic degradation
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| show | Central nervous system (CNS)
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| show | Spinal cord
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| show | Dendrite
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| Which one of the following is NOT a function of the myelin sheath? | show 🗑
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| When a neuron's action potential occurs, _____ ions are rushing into the axon through openings on the membrane. | show 🗑
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| show | Neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit the next cell
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| show | Receptor sites
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| show | Serotonin
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| show | Afferent (sensory) neuron
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| show | Efferent (motor) neuron
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| show | Interneuron
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| show | Reflex arc
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| The ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma | show 🗑
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| Special cells found in all the tissues of the body that are capable of manufacturing other cell types when those cells need to be replaced due to damage or wear and tear | show 🗑
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| All nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run through the body itself | show 🗑
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| show | Somatic nervous system
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| Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands. | show 🗑
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| Nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of afferent neurons | show 🗑
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| show | Motor pathway
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| show | Sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system)
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| show | Parasympathetic division
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| Glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream | show 🗑
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| show | Hormones
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| show | Pituitary gland
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| Endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum; secretes melatonin | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroid gland
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| Endocrine gland; controls the levels of sugar in the blood | show 🗑
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| show | Gonads
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| show | Ovaries
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| show | Testes
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| show | Adrenal glands
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| The neurons of the motor pathway control ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Motor pathway neurons
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| What type of cell can become other types of cells in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Diabetes
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| show | Deep lesioning
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| show | Computed tomography (CT)
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| show | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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| show | Electroencephalograph
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| A recording of the electrical activity of larger groups of cortical neurons just below the skull, most often using scalp electrodes | show 🗑
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| Brain-imaging method in which a radioactive sugar is injected into a person and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the brain | show 🗑
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| show | Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
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| show | Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
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| The first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate | show 🗑
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| show | Pons
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| show | Reticular formation (RF)
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| show | Cerebellum
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| A group of several brain structures located primarily under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation | show 🗑
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| Part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, tis structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area | show 🗑
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| Two projections just under the front of the brain that receive information from the receptors in the nose located just below | show 🗑
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| Small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex. | show 🗑
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| show | Hippocampus
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| show | Amygdala
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| show | Cortex
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| show | Hippocampus
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| The two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain | show 🗑
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| Thick band of neutrons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres | show 🗑
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| show | Occipital lobe
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| Sections of the brain located at the top and back of each cerebral hemisphere containing the centers for touch, taste, and temperature sensations | show 🗑
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| Area of neurons running down the front of the parietal lobes responsible for processing information from the sin and internal body receptors for touch, temperature, body position, and possible taste | show 🗑
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| show | Temporal lobes
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| show | Frontal lobes
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| show | Motor cortex
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| show | Mirror neurons
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| Areas within each lobe of the cortex responsible for the coordination and interpretation of information, as well as higher mental processing | show 🗑
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| show | Broca's aphasia
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| show | Wernicke's aphasia
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| show | Unilateral spatial neglect
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| show | Cerebrum
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| show | Frontal
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| show | Right parietal lobe
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