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Radiology Test

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1.
93. What is concept of “Real-Time Imaging”?
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30. The region, where natural X-ray contrast is the most prominent, is:
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14. What is the physical nature of rays, used in Diagnostic Radiology?
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113. What is the theoretical basis for radiotherapy?
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79. What is the Pulse Length?
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40. Name the types of radioactive radiation
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10. Name the consistent parts of the principal scheme of radiological studies
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6. When was the thermal image used for diagnosis for the first time?
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5. When did H.Bekkerel invent Radiactive rays?
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94. Name the basic types of Ultrasound study
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28. What is the main advantage of spiral CT versus conventional one?
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108. What are diagnostic criteria for MR study?
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35. What kind of sensitive element is used in CT equipment?
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65. Define, what is the wave period
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106. Which magnetization creates the MR signal?
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16. Name the parts of the X-ray tube principal scheme
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25. What is the relationship between fluorescent screen shining and attenuation?
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75. What is the relation between incident and transmission angle?
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29. What is the concept of natural X-Ray contrast?
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15. Name the X-rays main properties
A.
If speed increases 1% as sound enters medium 2: transmission angle ~1% > incident angle
B.
the rotating transverse magnetization creates the MR signal M-xy
C.
length covered by one pulse
D.
-no superimposed image -more detailed due to high contrast (t1/2; proton) -3D image with saggittal, coronal, and axial views
E.
the time taken for one complete wave
F.
the differences in attenuation of the beam by adjacent tissues is significant enough to be seen by the human eye on the x ray image
G.
temporal resolution: measurement with respect to time
H.
1. em radiation 2. straight lines 3. penetrates tissues 4. different attenuation 5. not perceived 6. ionizing 7. photochemical effect 8. fluorescent effect 9. ability to change charged particles 10. affects gm tube/scintillation detector
I.
x-rays pass through a patient's body and cause the fluorescent screen to light up when they strike. Some parts of the body attenuation is more than others, so the amount of x-rays hitting the screen at any one spot depends on what they had to pass through
J.
A mode- amplitude B mode- brightness M mode- motion
K.
patient radiologist source of radiation/mechanical vibration receiving device
L.
pelvis then thorax?
M.
radiobiology--> biological object's response to ionizing radiation --> biological object's paradoxically BIG response to a relatively small amount of absorbed ionizing radiation
N.
scintillation detector
O.
early sixties
P.
1896
Q.
electromagnetic corpuscular mechanical
R.
sensitivity is based on the difference of T1 and T2 relaxation constants of healthy and pathological tissues depends to a lesser degree on proton density too
S.
anode cathode collimator produced by converting electrical energy into em waves electrons accelerated from -ve cathode to +ve anode strike the target decelerated rapidly lost energy converted to heat + X rays
T.
corpuscular: alpha, beta electromagnetic: gamma
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8. Who generated the idea of NMR phenomenon possible application for diagnostic imaging?
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7. When did G.Haunsfield perform the first CT study?
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59. What kind of radiation is detected on thermography studies?
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71. What is the sound propagation speed in soft tissues?
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81. What is the unit of sound attenuation?
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88. What are the main (basic) 2 formats of ultrasound transducers?
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61. Name 2 main factors, the heat production by tissues depends on
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83. What is the main principle of ultrasound study?
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60. What is the main advantage of thermography?
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30.
sound waves with frequency greater than 20KHz above the range of human hearing (20-20,000 Hz)

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