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NECC-acidbase balanc Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
Define the law of electroneutrality.
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2.
What type of breathing pattern is exhibited by patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis?
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3.
What is the blood buffer base?
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4.
How can hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis be iatrogenically induced?
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5.
How is base excess determined?
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6.
True or False. A patient with pneumonia or pulmonary edema can be hyperventilating.
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7.
What corrective measures are used in correcting hypokalemia?
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8.
What occurs when any physiological process raises PaCO2 more than 45mmHg and lowers pH less than 7.35?
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9.
In normal lungs, name 3 causes of respiratory acidosis.
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10.
Define partly compensated respiratory alkalosis.
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11.
What are the differences between excretion and secretion?
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12.
What are the normal areterial PCO2 and arterial bicarbonate concentration values?
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13.
Name the two primary acid-excreting organs.
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14.
Name three renal causes of metabolic alkalosis
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15.
How does the Henderson-Hasselbach equation determine [H+]?
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16.
What is a combined acid-base disturbance?
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17.
What is the difference between an open buffer system and a closed buffer system?
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18.
What occurs when any physiological process lowers PaCO2 less than 35 mmHg and raises pH more than 7.45?
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19.
Define fully compensated respiratory acidosis.
A.
Kussmaul's respiration -Egan, Chapter 12,page 290
B.
Potassium chloride (KCl), dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), or ammonium chloride (NH3Cl) may be infused directly into a large central vein. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 293
C.
True. These two processes can expel CO2 faster than it is produced. -Egan,Chapter 12, page 286.
D.
The hyperventilation an be caused by overly aggressive mechanical ventilation as well as deep breathing and lung expansion procedures. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 286
E.
Excretion is the elimination of substances from the body in the urine. Secretion is the process by which renal tubule cells actively transport substances into the filtrate. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 277.
F.
Anesthesia, Sedative drugs, Narcotic analgesia -Egan, Chapter 12, page 285
G.
Low PaCO2, low HCO3-, and alkalitic pH not in the normal range. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 287.
H.
PaCO2 = 40 mmHg and HCO3- = 24 mEq/L -Egan, Chapter 12, page 281
I.
High PaCO2, high HCO3-, pH on the acidic side of normal pH. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 285.
J.
The blood buffer base is the sum of bicarbonate and nonbicarbonate bases in the mmol/L of blood. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 273
K.
A disturbance where they are both respiratory and metabolically related. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 294.
L.
States that the total number of positive charges must equal the total number of negative charges in the body fluids -Egan, Chapter 12, page 288
M.
Respiratory Acidosis -Egan, Chapter 12, page 284
N.
Lungs and kidneys. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 277
O.
Diuretics, Hyperkalemia, Hypervolemia, Hyperchloremia. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 291, Box 12-6
P.
The H-H equation determines hydrogen ion concentration by computing the ration between undisassociated acid molecules [H2CO3] and base ions [HCO3-]. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 275
Q.
Determined by equilibrating a blood sample in the laboratory to a PCO2 of 40 mmHg at standard body temperature Celsius and recording the amount of acid or base needed to titrate 1L of blood to a pH of 7.40. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 294.
R.
In an open buffer system, some of the solutes are removed from the body, while in a closed system, they are kept and used within the system of reactions. -Egan, Chapter 12, page 273
S.
Respiratory Alkalosis -Egan, Chapter 12, page 286
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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20.
Reabsorption is the active or passive transport of filtrate substances back into the tubule cell and then into the blood of nearby capillaries -Egan, Chapter 12, page 277

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