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U5: Intestines Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
Appendicitis
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2.
Goblet cells
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3.
Cholecystokinin
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4.
Anal canal
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5.
Enteroendocrine cells of duodenum
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6.
Circular folds/plicae circularis, villi, microvilli
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7.
Villi
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8.
Rectum
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9.
Teniae coli
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10.
Diverticula
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11.
Transverse colon
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12.
Ileocecal valve
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13.
Intestinal glands/intestinal crypts/crypts of Lieberkuhn
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14.
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
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15.
Appendix (vermiform appendix)
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16.
Descending colon
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17.
Splenic flexure
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18.
Cecum
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19.
Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal
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20.
Small intestine
A.
portion of colon extending horizontally across abdominal cavity from hepatic flexure to a turn near the spleen called the splenic flexure
B.
bulb formed by pancreatic duct and bile duct where they enter wall of duodenum; opens into duodenal lumen via major duodenal papilla
C.
indentations of cells in mucosa between villi; epithelial cells in these indentations secrete intestinal juice and renew mucosal epithelium by undergoing rapid mitosis and moving continuously into the villi
D.
abnormal protrusions/outward herniations of mucosa through colon wall caused by greater exertion of pressure due to lack of fiber in diet; can result in diverticulosis or diverticulitis if inflamed or infected
E.
in lining epithelium of small intestine; secrete a coating of mucus onto internal surface of both small and large intestine
F.
sac-like beginning of large intestine in the lower, right portion of abdominal cavity
G.
small, worm-shaped tubular structure attached to cecum; contains lymphoid tissue to combat bacteria, but an excessive accumulation of bacteria can cause inflammation
H.
subdivisions of large intestine
I.
subdivision of large intestine; extends straight down through the posterior pelvic cavity to anal canal
J.
cells in lining epithelium of small intestine; secrete hormones including cholecystokinin, which stimulates gallbladder to release stored bile
K.
about 1mm high; finger-like projections of small intestine mucosa; give it velvety appearance/feel; covered w/ layer of simple columnar epithelium; core is made of lamina propria; each contains network of blood capillaries and lymphatic capillary/lacteal
L.
portion of colon; extends down left side of abdominal cavity from splenic flexure and to sigmoid colon
M.
three longitudinal strips along colon; contain smooth muscle, so have muscle tone and cause the colon to pouch-up into pucker-like units called haustra (sing. Haustrum)
N.
located at junction of ileum of small intesting and cecum of large intestine; controls movement of food residue from small intestine to large intestine
O.
subdivision of large intestine; extends the length of about 1.5” from end of rectum to anus; surrounded by external anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter
P.
inflammation of appendix due to excessive accumulation of bacteria; prone to rupture, which could cause extremely large number of bacteria to be released into abdominal cavity, which can lead to peritonitis
Q.
organ in which most chemical digestion and most absorption occur; extends from pyloric region of stomach to cecum of large intestine; longest organ of digestive tract; subdivisions are duodenum, jejunum, ileum
R.
structural features of small intestine that greatly increase its surface area and thus account for small intestine’s extensive absorptive capacity
S.
turn of transverse colon near spleen
T.
hormone secreted by enteroendocrine cells of duocenum; stimulates gallbladder to release stored bile
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
incorrect
21.
turn of ascending colon near the liver
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22.
anal sphincter consisting of smooth muscle; cannot be voluntarily controlled
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23.
varicosities of veins in anal canal; result from straining to defecate or deliver a baby
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24.
portion of colon; from cecum extends up right side of abdominal cavity and makes turn near liver called hepatic flexure
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25.
involves mass peristaltic movements that move feces into rectum and anal canal, and relaxation of anal sphincters
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26.
larger in diameter than small intestine, but shorter; extends from ileum of small intestine to anus; absorbs water, some electrolytes, some components of bile, some vitamins; eliminates indigestible food residue as feces
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27.
middle portion of small intestine; makes up superior left coils of small intestine
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28.
portion of colon shaped somewhat like sideways “S” that extends from descending colon to rectum in posterior pelvic cavity
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29.
anal sphincter consisting of skeletal muscle, so can be voluntarily controlled
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30.
normal permanent bacterial residents of intestinal lumen of both small and large intestines; produce some essential vitamins including vitamin K and some B vitamins which the intestines absorb

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