BIOLOGY-plants Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| 1. Sponges are sessile, but they have flagella. Give 2 functions of the flagella in sponges. | · Sperm· Collar cells have flagella (take-in water) |
| What is the feeding of sponges called? | · Filter-feeding |
| What is spongin? | · Soft “sponge-like material made of a sulfur-protein” |
| What is a cnidocyte? What are nematocysts? How do they help the cnidarians survive? | · Cell that produces nematocyst “stinging-cell”· nematocyst = “stinging-cell”· protection and capture food |
| 6. Which phylum of invertebrates has a gastrovascular cavity? Where is it located? What is its job? | · Cnidarian, in the center, digestion |
| 7. Explain the nervous system of cnidarians. | nerve net, NO brains |
| 8. How are Portuguese Man-O-Wars different than other jellyfish’s body structure? | · Man-O-War looks like a medusa jellyfish, however, they are a colony of polyps· Float on water, move by wind b/c of “sail” |
| What type of symmetry to cnidarians have (include both stages) | radial (medusa and polyp) |
| What are archeocytes (amoebacytes)? | Transfer food particles and make spicules |
| What type of symmetry do Platyhelminthes have? | Bilateral |
| List the organ systems present in Planaria. | · Digestive, excretory, nervous, reproductive |
| 13. How do flatworms exchange gases | Directly form the environment |
| Is cephalization present in flatworms? | yes |
| What is a flame cell? What type of worm has them? What do they do? | Flame Cells – connected to an excretory tubule; collects the excess water· Planaria (flatworm) |
| Explain how flatworms feed. | Pharynx - a muscular tube that extends from themiddle of the planarian body; used to ingest food· Acoelomate- no true body cavity· Waste is released through pharynx |
| How is Schistomiasis transmitted? | Contaminated Water |
| What is a proglottid? (hint: part of a tape worm) | Stucture that contains both male and female sex organs |
| 19. What is the function of a scolex in adult tapeworms? | Attach itself to the intestinal wall of its host. |
| What type of body cavity does a Nematoda have? | Pseudocoelomate |
| List parasites of Roundworms | Loa loa, elephantiasis, Guinea worm |
| List several locations in the human body these parasites live. | Eye, subcutaneous, muscle, intestinal wall, connective tissue, |
| How can people get infected with round worms? | · Drinking contaminated water· Eating contaminated food· Insect bite |
| Who causes the disease elephantiasis | Wuchereria bancrofti (Filial worm) |
| Function of mastax? | Grind food |
| 26. How are Rotifers similar to Flatworms? | Flame cells and cephalization |
| What are setae? | bristlelike structures on some annelids’ bodies |
| Annelids have what type of body structure? | segmetation |
| What organ is the ‘stomach’ for an earthworm? What does it look like? | Gizzard- muscular structure that grinds soil· Looks “bean” shaped |
| What is the function of nephridia, and hydrostatic skeletons and in annelids? | skeleton-consisting of a fluidfilled cavity,coelom,surrounded by muscles The pressure of the fluid and action of the surrounding muscles are used to change anorganism's shape and produce movement, such as burrowing or swimming. |
| Explain the evidence to support cephalization in Annelids. | Bilateral symmetry and cerebral ganglia |
| 33. What is the function of the clitellum on an Earthworm? | A noticeable swelling around the sex organs during reproduction |
| List examples of Mollusca | Clams, snails, octopus, squid, mussels, slugs |
| What does a trochophore look like? What is it? | Larval stage of most mollusca |
| 36. Give the structure and function of the following parts of a mullosk’s body: mantle, foot. Radula,visceral mass, shell. | · Mantle- thin layer of tissue that covers a mollusk’s body· Foot- spade-shaped burrowing structure· Textured tongue-like structure used for scraping moss and algae off surfaces· Visceral Mass- “houses” organs· Shell- rigid protective covering |
| What does a radula look like? What does it do? | Textured tongue-like structure used for scraping food off surfaces |
| Do mollusks have a true coelom? What is it? | yes, coelomate |
| How do gastropods prevent water loss? | Mucus plug, retreating into shell |
| 40. What is unique about nudibranchs? Is that an appropriate name? | Shell-less mollusk, YES. “NUDE" |
| 41. What are some examples of gastropods? | Snail, conchs, nudibranchs, slugs |
| How do Bivalvia feed? | filter feeders |
| What is the function of a chromatophore? | Camouflage to avoid predation or to capture food |
| Where is the shell on a squid? | internal |
| What is the job to the siphon in a mollusk? | Tube-like structure through which water enters the mollusk’s body |
| Explain the body structure of centipedes. Include the # of segments, and the # of legs per segment | 15-170 segments w/ 1 pair of legs attached to each segment |
| Describe thee appendages of arthropods? Include the part of the body they are attached to. | Jointed extensions such as legs and antennae found in Arthropods· Connected to abdomen (body wall) |
| Be able to label the body parts of a grasshopper. | Head, thorax, and abdomen |
| Why insect’s eyes are called compound eyes? What are they primarily used for? | Eyes composed of many individual light detectors, each with its own lens; found in most arthropods. |
| What is the tough covering of the cephalothorax on a crayfish called? Where is thecephalothorax located on a crayfish? | Tough covering is carapace which is located near the head |
| What type of arthropod (class) is a crayfish? | crustacean |
| 52. What is “molting”? Why do arthropods need to molt? | Growth of an arthropod· Due to the fact that the exoskeleton is hard arthropod can not growth w/o shedding this covering |
| Know how grasshoppers breathe. | Through tracheal tube |
| Who lays the eggs in an ant society? | queen |
| What are book lungs? | Paired sacs in the abdomen with many parallel folds that resemble the pages of a book.· The folds provide a larger surface area for gas exchange.· Found in chelicerates (spiders) |
| How is the body of insects divided? | Paired jointed appendages |
| What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis? | Insect passes through 4 distinct stages through the life cycle |
| Give and example of a chelicerate | spider |
| How are Echinoderms like vertebrates? | They contain an endoskeleton |
| Explain the skeleton of echinoderms. | Have endoskeleton composed of calcium carbonate plates |
| Body parts of echinoderms usually occur in multiples of _____? | 5 |
| What part of an echinoderm acts like a suction cup? | foot |
| What is a madreporite? What system is it part of? | A sieve-like plate on the Aboral surface where water enters the water-vascular system. |
| How are open circulatory systems different than closed? | · Open- pumps blood into cavities· Closed- bloods is pumped through vessels |
| What is the difference between: asymmetrical. Radially symmetrical and bilaterally symmetrical? | · Radial – animals with many lines of symmetry· Bilaterally- animals with one line of symmetry forming 2 identical halves |
| Why don’t animal cells have cell walls? | We do not produce glucose, which forms cellulose, which is part of cell wall |
| what does cephalization mean? | · the concentration of sensory and brain structures in the anterior end· Having a “head” |
| In a protostome, what does the blastopore become? | Becomes mouth |
| What is sessile? | Non-motile· Spend entire adult life attached |
| What is meant by: dorsal, ventral, anterior and posterior? | · Dorsal- top· Ventral- bottom· Anterior- head· Posterior- tail (end) |
| What percentage of animals has vertebral columns? | 5% |
| What is a hermaphrodite? | Animals with both male and female sex organs |
| What organ allows animals to breathe under water? | gills |
| Fertilization that occurs outside the body is called _________? | external fertilization |
| What is a blastopore? | Inward folding of the blastula |
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