New Ag Genetics Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| A. I | Artificial insemination – when semen is inserted into the vagina via a straw |
| Artificial selection | Selective breeding by man to select the best characteristics of an animal or plant |
| Allele | Different form of the same gene |
| Back cross | A test to determine if the genotype of an individual with a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous |
| Clone | An animal or plant that is genetically identical to the parent |
| Chromosome | Long molecule made up of proteins and DNA, found in the nucleus |
| Cross breeding | Mating two different species, breeds or varieties |
| Diploid | Full set of chromosomes e.g. 46 in humans |
| Dominant | Trait will always be expressed in the phenotype if present. Represented by capital letter |
| DNA | Sequence of bases which when combined in a specific way will form genes |
| Embryo transfer | Treatment of donor and recipient females with hormones. Egg fertilised from donor cow and implanted in recipient cow to carry foetus |
| Gamete | Another word for sex cell e.g. sperm or egg |
| Gene | Section of a chromosome which controls a specific trait or codes for a specific protein |
| Genotype | The genetic make of an individual. Always uses letter e.g. Ll or Aa |
| Genetically modified organism | Organisms created by placing a gene from one species into another other e.g. making blight resistant potatoes |
| Haploid | Half set of chromosomes e.g. 23 in human sperm /egg |
| Heterozygous | Have one dominant and one recessive trait in the genotype e.g. Aa |
| Homozygous | Have two of the same types of traits in a genotype e.g. AA or aa |
| Hybrid vigour | The best of both qualities from each parent |
| Inbreeding | Mating related animals |
| Lethal gene | Gene which of present will mean the death of the organism |
| Progeny testing | The characteristics of the progeny of different bulls are recorded e.g. growth rates and FCR from animals housed in similar housing and conditions |
| Performance testing | Performance of bulls is recorded for bulls housed in similar housing and with similar conditions e.g. growth rate, FCR and confirmation |
| Phenotype | Physical expression of a gene e.g. coat colour |
| Pedigree animal | Process of selective breeding with a record of the lineage/ history of the animal is recorded. Usually register with a society |
| Recessive | Trait which is masked if dominant trait is present |
| Somatic cell | Another name for a non sex cell |
| Genome | An organism's complete set of DNA, including all its genes. |
| Genotyping | a technique used by scientists to identify differences in the genetic make-up of an animal’s DNA. |
| Genomics / genomic selection | used in selective breeding to determine if an individual has a specific, desired allele and to select individuals for breeding programs based on their alleles |
| Genome sequencing | Examines and produces the complete list of the nucleotides (A,T,C,G) that makes up the genome of an individual or species. |
| natural selection | known as ‘the survival of the fittest’. The best adapted organisms are able to survive. |
| SNP | Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. Scientists have identified regions or areas where there are variations in the genome. |
| Genetic engineering | technology that allows a change to an organism’s DNA. Genetic material can be added, removed or altered at specific locations in the genome. |
| transgenic | an organism that has had part of the DNA of another species (animal, plant, microorganism, etc.) inserted into its own DNA by genetic engineering |
| cisgenic | organisms that have been modified with a gene from an organism of the same or closely related species. |
| Hybridising | the process of creating new varieties from already established plants. It is achieved by combining the attributes of one plant with those of another; this is done by fertilizing one plant with pollen taken from another. |
Created by:
msbrowne
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