Help
Options
Question
A. I
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Artificial selection
Remaining cards (36)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
New Ag Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A. I | Artificial insemination – when semen is inserted into the vagina via a straw |
| Artificial selection | Selective breeding by man to select the best characteristics of an animal or plant |
| Allele | Different form of the same gene |
| Back cross | A test to determine if the genotype of an individual with a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous |
| Clone | An animal or plant that is genetically identical to the parent |
| Chromosome | Long molecule made up of proteins and DNA, found in the nucleus |
| Cross breeding | Mating two different species, breeds or varieties |
| Diploid | Full set of chromosomes e.g. 46 in humans |
| Dominant | Trait will always be expressed in the phenotype if present. Represented by capital letter |
| DNA | Sequence of bases which when combined in a specific way will form genes |
| Embryo transfer | Treatment of donor and recipient females with hormones. Egg fertilised from donor cow and implanted in recipient cow to carry foetus |
| Gamete | Another word for sex cell e.g. sperm or egg |
| Gene | Section of a chromosome which controls a specific trait or codes for a specific protein |
| Genotype | The genetic make of an individual. Always uses letter e.g. Ll or Aa |
| Genetically modified organism | Organisms created by placing a gene from one species into another other e.g. making blight resistant potatoes |
| Haploid | Half set of chromosomes e.g. 23 in human sperm /egg |
| Heterozygous | Have one dominant and one recessive trait in the genotype e.g. Aa |
| Homozygous | Have two of the same types of traits in a genotype e.g. AA or aa |
| Hybrid vigour | The best of both qualities from each parent |
| Inbreeding | Mating related animals |
| Lethal gene | Gene which of present will mean the death of the organism |
| Progeny testing | The characteristics of the progeny of different bulls are recorded e.g. growth rates and FCR from animals housed in similar housing and conditions |
| Performance testing | Performance of bulls is recorded for bulls housed in similar housing and with similar conditions e.g. growth rate, FCR and confirmation |
| Phenotype | Physical expression of a gene e.g. coat colour |
| Pedigree animal | Process of selective breeding with a record of the lineage/ history of the animal is recorded. Usually register with a society |
| Recessive | Trait which is masked if dominant trait is present |
| Somatic cell | Another name for a non sex cell |
| Genome | An organism's complete set of DNA, including all its genes. |
| Genotyping | a technique used by scientists to identify differences in the genetic make-up of an animal’s DNA. |
| Genomics / genomic selection | used in selective breeding to determine if an individual has a specific, desired allele and to select individuals for breeding programs based on their alleles |
| Genome sequencing | Examines and produces the complete list of the nucleotides (A,T,C,G) that makes up the genome of an individual or species. |
| natural selection | known as ‘the survival of the fittest’. The best adapted organisms are able to survive. |
| SNP | Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. Scientists have identified regions or areas where there are variations in the genome. |
| Genetic engineering | technology that allows a change to an organism’s DNA. Genetic material can be added, removed or altered at specific locations in the genome. |
| transgenic | an organism that has had part of the DNA of another species (animal, plant, microorganism, etc.) inserted into its own DNA by genetic engineering |
| cisgenic | organisms that have been modified with a gene from an organism of the same or closely related species. |
| Hybridising | the process of creating new varieties from already established plants. It is achieved by combining the attributes of one plant with those of another; this is done by fertilizing one plant with pollen taken from another. |
Created by:
msbrowne
Popular Agriculture sets