Health Psych Exam 1 Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Health psychology | pysch and health (stress, motivate people to exercise, quit smoking, how to stay healthy, how people become ill) |
| biomedical model | maintains illness is a biological issue |
| biopsychosocial model | interplay between pyschology, biology, and social factors |
| CS-sudden nocturnal death among SE Asians | study showed that the cause was genetic susceptibility |
| need for health psychology | increase in chronic or lifestyle-related illnesses, advances in technology and research, increased medical acceptance |
| hindsight bias | after learning the outcome of an event, people believe they could have predicted the outcome |
| illusory correlation | perception of a relationship where no relationship exists |
| order in random events | given random data, we look for order and meaningful patterns |
| confirmation bias | tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories |
| markers of good research | objective, well-controlled, replicated |
| descriptive study | observe and record behavior; describe people, their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors |
| descriptive study example | case studies, surveys, naturalistic observation |
| descriptive study weakness | no control of the variables, and single studies may be misleading |
| correlational method | assess the relationship between two or more naturally occurring things |
| operational definition | working definition of each variable within study |
| reason for correlational | assess how well one variable predicts another |
| correlational weakness | does not specify cause and effect |
| Correlation does not... | equal causation |
| experimental method | used to explore cause and effect |
| indenpendent variable | what is manipulated to determine influence or behavior |
| dependent variable | what is measured |
| experimental disadvantages | sometimes not feasible, results may not generalize to other contexts, not ethical to manipulate certain variables |
| Internal validity | ensuring that nothing besides IV can affect DV, controlling extraneous variables |
| external validity | extent to which results can be generalized to other situations and other people |
| prospective research | look forward in time, how will groups change, relationship between variables over time |
| retrospective research | look backward to attempt to reconstruct the conditions that led to a current situation (AIDS research) |
| health behaviors | undertaken to maintain health |
| health habit | firmly established health behavior |
| primary prevention | alter and prevent |
| factors for practicing and changing health behaviors | demographics, age, values, personal control, social influence, perceived symptoms, access to health care, knowledge and intelligence |
| why behaviors hard to change | distant consequences, health info makes us defensive |
| cognitive dissonance | inconsistent thoughts or beliefs, especially relating to behavioral decisions |
| instability and independence of health behaviors | health habits are controlled by different factors and can change over time |
| informational/educational appeals | assumption people change habits if they have good information |
| fear appeals | work but shown ineffective, too much fear undermines health behavior change, fear alone is not sufficient |
| health belief model | individuals are more likely to engage in healthy behavior if they feel susceptible to various health problems that may stem from failure to do so |
| theory of planned behavior | beliefs that outcomes of the behavior, evaluations of the outcomes of the behavior, normative beliefs, motivation to comply |
| self-determination theory | people actively motivated to pursue their goals, components are fundamental to behavior change |
| implementation intentions | integrate conscious processing with automatic behavioral enactment |
| self-affirmation | change how people appraise and respond to potentially unwelcome health information |
| cognitive behavioral therapy | self monitoring, cognitive restructuring, behavioral modification, stimulus control, contingency contracting |
| cognitive restructuring | trains people to recognize and modify their internal monologues to promote health behavior change |
| contingency contracting | reinforcements or punishments contingent on participants behavior |
| interventions to modify diet | education, CBT, improving social support, family interventions, social engineering |
| health compromising behaviors | drugs, smoking, eating badly |
| set point theory | each individual has an ideal biological weight, which cannot be greatly modified |
| obesity microbiome | new studies demonstrating certain types of gut bacteria associated with obesity |
| smoking health risks | lung cancer, 4x more likely to get cancer, increase in chronic bronchitis, second hand smoke |
| Longitudinal study | researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time. |
| cross -sectional study | observational research that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point in time across a sample population or a pre-defined subset |
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