Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Health Psych Exam 1
Book: Health Psychology (9th/10th Edition) by Shelly Taylor. Chapter 1-5.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Health psychology | pysch and health (stress, motivate people to exercise, quit smoking, how to stay healthy, how people become ill) |
| biomedical model | maintains illness is a biological issue |
| biopsychosocial model | interplay between pyschology, biology, and social factors |
| CS-sudden nocturnal death among SE Asians | study showed that the cause was genetic susceptibility |
| need for health psychology | increase in chronic or lifestyle-related illnesses, advances in technology and research, increased medical acceptance |
| hindsight bias | after learning the outcome of an event, people believe they could have predicted the outcome |
| illusory correlation | perception of a relationship where no relationship exists |
| order in random events | given random data, we look for order and meaningful patterns |
| confirmation bias | tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories |
| markers of good research | objective, well-controlled, replicated |
| descriptive study | observe and record behavior; describe people, their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors |
| descriptive study example | case studies, surveys, naturalistic observation |
| descriptive study weakness | no control of the variables, and single studies may be misleading |
| correlational method | assess the relationship between two or more naturally occurring things |
| operational definition | working definition of each variable within study |
| reason for correlational | assess how well one variable predicts another |
| correlational weakness | does not specify cause and effect |
| Correlation does not... | equal causation |
| experimental method | used to explore cause and effect |
| indenpendent variable | what is manipulated to determine influence or behavior |
| dependent variable | what is measured |
| experimental disadvantages | sometimes not feasible, results may not generalize to other contexts, not ethical to manipulate certain variables |
| Internal validity | ensuring that nothing besides IV can affect DV, controlling extraneous variables |
| external validity | extent to which results can be generalized to other situations and other people |
| prospective research | look forward in time, how will groups change, relationship between variables over time |
| retrospective research | look backward to attempt to reconstruct the conditions that led to a current situation (AIDS research) |
| health behaviors | undertaken to maintain health |
| health habit | firmly established health behavior |
| primary prevention | alter and prevent |
| factors for practicing and changing health behaviors | demographics, age, values, personal control, social influence, perceived symptoms, access to health care, knowledge and intelligence |
| why behaviors hard to change | distant consequences, health info makes us defensive |
| cognitive dissonance | inconsistent thoughts or beliefs, especially relating to behavioral decisions |
| instability and independence of health behaviors | health habits are controlled by different factors and can change over time |
| informational/educational appeals | assumption people change habits if they have good information |
| fear appeals | work but shown ineffective, too much fear undermines health behavior change, fear alone is not sufficient |
| health belief model | individuals are more likely to engage in healthy behavior if they feel susceptible to various health problems that may stem from failure to do so |
| theory of planned behavior | beliefs that outcomes of the behavior, evaluations of the outcomes of the behavior, normative beliefs, motivation to comply |
| self-determination theory | people actively motivated to pursue their goals, components are fundamental to behavior change |
| implementation intentions | integrate conscious processing with automatic behavioral enactment |
| self-affirmation | change how people appraise and respond to potentially unwelcome health information |
| cognitive behavioral therapy | self monitoring, cognitive restructuring, behavioral modification, stimulus control, contingency contracting |
| cognitive restructuring | trains people to recognize and modify their internal monologues to promote health behavior change |
| contingency contracting | reinforcements or punishments contingent on participants behavior |
| interventions to modify diet | education, CBT, improving social support, family interventions, social engineering |
| health compromising behaviors | drugs, smoking, eating badly |
| set point theory | each individual has an ideal biological weight, which cannot be greatly modified |
| obesity microbiome | new studies demonstrating certain types of gut bacteria associated with obesity |
| smoking health risks | lung cancer, 4x more likely to get cancer, increase in chronic bronchitis, second hand smoke |
| Longitudinal study | researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time. |
| cross -sectional study | observational research that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point in time across a sample population or a pre-defined subset |
Created by:
3013437412287120
Popular Psychology sets