CardiovascularSystem Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Cardiovascular System	The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to circulate oxy-gen-rich blood throughout the body.
Heart	Pumps blood throughout the body.
Blood vessels	Tubes that carry blood throughout the body.
Blood	Liquid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste.
Apex	The lowest part of the exterior of the heart.
pericardium	A thin, protective sac that surrounds the heart.
pericardial cavity	The space between the pericardium and the epicardium.
epicardium	A serous (thin, watery) layer that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.
myocardium	A layer of cardiac muscle that makes up the middle of the heart.
endocardium	The innermost layer that lines the four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) and covers the valves of the heart.
septum	Divides the organ into the right heart and the left heart, effectively creating a double pump.
atrioventricular (AV) valves	Located between the atrial and ventricular chambers in the right and left sides of the heart.
tricuspid valve	The right AV valve; has three flaps
tri-	Three
bicuspid (mitral) valve	The left AV valve; has two flaps
semilunar valves	Situated in the aorta and the other in the pulmonary artery.
pulmonary semilunar valve (or pulmonary valve)	Allows blood to flow from the heart to the lungs and prevents blood from flowing backward.
aortic semilunar valve (or aortic valve)	Allows blood to flow from the heart to the rest of the body and prevents blood from flowing backward.
auscultation	Using a stethoscope to listen to the heart.
Circulation	The heart, valves, and lungs are all involved in cardiovascular circulation.
cardiopulmonary	The term for the functional interrelationship between the heart and the lungs
pulmonary circulation	Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.
right atrium	Upper right heart chamber that receives blood.
superior vena cava	Vein that brings blood from upper body to right atrium.
inferior vena cava	Vein that brings blood from lower body to right atrium.
right ventricle	Lower right heart chamber that pumps blood to lungs.
pulmonary trunk	Artery that carries blood from right ventricle to lungs.
pulmonary arteries	Arteries that carry blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs.
capillaries	Oxygen is delivered to the body's other tissues and cells.
systemic circulation	Pathway of oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body and back to right atrium.
left atrium	Upper left heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood.
left ventricle	Lower left heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to body.
arteries	Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs, tissues, and cells of the body.
arterioles	Arterioles are small arterial branches that lead to fine blood vessels.
venules	Tiny blood vessels that merge with the veins.
Veins	carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
superior vena cava	Receives blood from the head, chest, and upper extremities and empties the blood into the right atrium of the heart.
inferior vena cava	Receives blood from the abdominopelvic organs and the lower extremities and empties the blood into the right atrium.
Conduction	The cardiac muscle contracts spontaneously and continuously. These contractions occur through a process known as conduc-tion. Contractions occur due to the conduction of electrical current.
nodal system	Responsible for electrical current conduction in the heart.
sinoatrial (SA) node	The pacemaker of the heart.
atrioventricular (AV) node	Helps regulate heartbeat.
bundle of His	Carries electrical signals to ventricles.
bundle branches	Carries signals to left and right ventricles.
Purkinje fibers	Helps regulate heart muscle contraction.
systole	Contraction of the ventricles
diastole	relaxation of the ventricles
Blood pressure	The pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery or vein.
Systolic pressure	A measurement of blood pressure while the heart ventricles are contracting.
Diastolic pressure	A measurement of blood pressure between heartbeats-that is, when the heart is "resting" between contractions.
sphygmomanometer	An instrument used to measure blood pressure.
aneurysm	Localized, balloon-like dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery.
angina	Condition characterized by severe, constricting pain or pressure in the chest; often referred to as angina pectoris.
arrhythmia	Irregular heartbeat
bradycardia	Slow heart rate.
fibrillation	Rapid, spontaneous contractions of the muscle fibers in the atria or ventricles; atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation.
flutter	Condition in which the atria beat more rapidly than the ventricles, causing a quivering movement; atrial flutter.
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)	Extra, abnormal heartbeats that disrupt the regular ventricular rhythm of the heart.
tachycardia	Fast heart rate.
arteriosclerosis	Condition of thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls.
atherosclerosis	Condition of plaque buildup in the arteries.
cardiac tamponade	Pathological condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the pericardium.
cardiomyopathy	Condition of diseased heart muscle.
congestive heart failure (CHF)	Disease resulting from reduced blood flow from the heart; characterized by weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort, and edema in the lower extremities.
Normal coronary artery	Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
Atherosclerosis	Plaque buildup narrows the lumen (cavity) of the artery
Atherosclerosis increasing	Plaque increasing
Atherosclerosis with blood clot	Artery occluded. Myocardial infarction occurs.
coronary artery disease (CAD)	Narrowing of the coronary arteries, resulting in an insufficient blood supply to the heart.
cyanosis	Bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin, caused by decreased circulation of oxygen-rich blood.
embolus	Mass of solid, liquid, or gas that travels through the bloodstream, causing occlusion (obstruction) of a blood vessel.
endocarditis	Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart muscle.
heart murmur	Abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart, such as a whooshing sound created by a valve not completely closing. Most heart murmurs are harmless.
hypertension	Condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure.
hypotension	Condition of lower-than-normal blood pressure.
mitral valve prolapse	Condition in which the mitral valve between the left atrium (left upper chamber) and the left ventricle (left lower chamber) doesn't close properly; may cause blood leakage back into the left atrium.
myocardial infarction (MI)	Tissue death in the heart muscle resulting from an occluded (obstructed) coronary artery; heart attack.
myocarditis	Inflammation of the myocardium (muscular layer of the heart).
pericarditis	Inflammation of the pericardium (sac surrounding the heart).
peripheral artery disease (PAD)	Disease in which narrowing of the arteries results in decreased blood flow to the extremities, causing intermittent calf pain, called claudication during walking or exercise.
shock	Clinical syndrome in which peripheral blood flow is insufficient to return blood to the heart for normal function. Shock is initially characterized by agitation; anxiety or restlessness;.
thrombophlebitis	Inflammation of a vein caused by the formation of a thrombus (clot).
thrombus	A blood clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel and stays attached to the site in which it developed
varicose veins	Enlarged, twisted, superficial veins, most commonly seen in the lower extremities.
Tetralogy of Fallot	A congenital heart disease that affects some 5 of every 10,000 infants.
A large ventricular septal defect (VSD)	A hole in the septum, causing oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood.
Pulmonary stenosis	Narrowing of the pulmonary valve and the pulmonary artery, causing insufficient blood flow to the lungs.
Right ventricular hypertrophy	Enlargement of the muscle of the right ventricle, due to increased pressure from pumping blood to the lungs.
An overriding aorta	A displaced aorta.
angiogram	A radiograph test that uses a contrast agent (dye) and a camera to take pictures of the blood flow in arteries or veins.
auscultation	Process of listening to the internal sounds of the body using a stethoscope.
blood pressure (BP)	The pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of an artery or vein. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer.
cardiac catheterization	Passage of a tiny plastic tube into the heart through a blood vessel, usually through the femoral artery in the leg; used to diagnose heart diseases or abnormalities.
Doppler sonography, Doppler ultrasound	Procedure in which blood flow and blood pressure are measured using ultrasound technology.
echocardiogram/ multigated acquisition	A noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures.
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)	A record of the electrical activity of the heart.
Holter monitor	A machine that continuously records cardiac rhythms.
nuclear ventriculography	Noninvasive procedure in which a radioactive substance called a tracer is injected into a patient to produce images of the left or right ventricle of the heart.
positron emission tomography (PET scan)	An imaging test that uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for disease or poor blood flow in the heart. helpful for diagnosing heart damage or Scar tissue.
pulse	The rhythmic throbbing generated by contractions of the heart; detected over the major arteries of the body.
stress test	A procedure that tests how efficiently the heart pumps blood
exercise stress test	Method of evaluating a patient's cardiovascular fitness during exercise, usually on a treadmill.
nuclear thallium stress test	Procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected into a vein near the end of a stress test to aid in identifying the sizes of the heart chambers, how well the heart is pumping blood, and whether the heart has any damaged or dead tissue.
cardioversion	Procedure in which controlled electrical shocks are sent through the heart to restore normal cardiac rhythm in a patient with arrhythmia.
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)	A shunt (passageway), established surgically, that allows blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point beyond an obstruction
defibrillation	Procedure used to stop atrial or ventricular fibrillation.
endarterectomy	A surgical procedure in which plaque is removed from the lining of an artery.
heart transplantation	The grafting of a living heart to a patient, from a donor who was clinically brain-dead but on life support.
pacemaker	An electrical device that is implanted in the chest or abdomen to control abnormal cardiac rhythms through a series of electrical discharges.
Vein graft	vein removed from the leg) is stitched to the aorta and coronary artery.
Internal mammary artery graft	artery relocated from chest wall.
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)	A minimally invasive procedure for opening up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle
angiotensin-converting (ACE) inhibitor	making angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict (narrow).
antianginal	Medication used to prevent or alleviate angina (spasmodic chest pain).
antiarrhythmic	An agent used to alleviate or prevent cardiac arrhythmia.
anticoagulant	An agent used to prevent the formation of blood clots.
antihypertensive	Medication used to counteract high blood pressure.
beta blocker	A drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and heart rhythm disorders, as well as migraines, panic attacks, and tremors.
calcium channel blocker	A drug used to dilate (widen) arteries and reduce blood pressure, making it easier for the heart to pump blood.
diuretic	Medication that helps reduce excess water in the body.
hypolipidemic	Medication used to reduce lipid concentrations in the blood serum (blood plasma without clotting factors).
thrombolytic	Medications that help dissolve blood clots.
vasoconstrictor	An agent that constricts (narrows) blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.
AV	atrioventricular
BP	blood pressure
bpm	beats per minute
CABG	coronary artery bypass graft
CAD	coronary artery disease
CHF	congestive heart failure
CV	cardiovascular
ECG, EKG	electrocardiogram
HTN	hypertension
ICD	implantable cardioverter defibrillator
LAD	left anterior descending
MI	myocardial infarction
mmHg	millimeters of mercury a measure of blood pressure)
MUGA	echocardiogram/ multigated acquisition
PAD	peripheral artery disease
PET	positron emission tomography
PTCA	percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PVCs	premature ventricular contractions
SA	sinoatrial
VSD	ventricular septal defect
lungs	Organs that bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide through breathing.

Created by: 441283

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