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Question: what's the weight of the heartAnswer: 250-300 Question: what's the of blood the heart pumps per min/dayAnswer: 5.5L/min or /day Question: what are the two parts of the Answer: fibrous pericardium and serous Question: what type of is the fibrous pericardium made ofAnswer: dense CT Question: what are some of the of the fibrous pericardiumAnswer: protects; anchors the heart; overfilling Question: which layer is the outer layerAnswer: pericardium Question: which pericardial layer is also the of the heart wallAnswer: layer of the serous pericardium Question: what up the myocardiumAnswer: cardiac muscle and CT Question: from does blood enter the right atriumAnswer: inf. and sup. vena cava, sinus, and anterior cardiac veins Question: from does blood enter the left atriumAnswer: 4 pulmonary Question: from which ventricle does enter the aortaAnswer: left Question: from which ventricle does enter the pulmonary trunkAnswer: ventricle Question: from which blood do coronary arteries originate and along what groove do they runAnswer: aorta; atrioventricular Question: cardiac veins enter the heart directly and whereAnswer: anterior veins enter right atrium directly Question: what cardiac veins enter the coronary Answer: great, middle, and cardiac veins. Question: name the atrioventricular valveAnswer: Question: what's the function of the AV Answer: to backflow of blood into the atria Question: what are the tendinae made ofAnswer: collagen Question: how many cusps make up a semilunar Answer: Question: what two factors contribute to the independent coordinated of the heartAnswer: gap ; the heart's intrinsic conduction system Question: what are the membrane potentials fo the cells calledAnswer: potentials or prepotentials Question: what cation causes the phase of the action potential in autorhythmic cellsAnswer: Ca2+ Question: name the locations where autorhythmic can be foundAnswer: SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and left bundle branches, ventricular walls (Purkinje fibers) Question: where is the SA node Answer: right Question: how and to does depolarization spread from the SA nodeAnswer: via gap junctions to the AV Question: what that factors are responsible for depolarizationAnswer: Purkinje fibers and cell to cell transmission via gap Question: does the cardiac conduction system make the heart beat faster or than without itAnswer: Question: which branches of the ANS heart rate and force of heartbeatAnswer: Question: what part of the brain contains the that control heart rateAnswer: medulla Question: via which nerve does the center send impulses to the heartAnswer: vagus Question: what do the diastole and systole refer toAnswer: = relaxation; systole = contraction Question: true or false. each ventricle pumps the same of blood per beatAnswer: true Question: what is cardiac Answer: amount of blood pumped by each in 1 minute Question: what is responsible for the heart sounds on a stethoscopeAnswer: of valves Question: what is the quiescent Answer: the period of total relaxation Question: what causes the first heart Answer: of the AV valves Question: what the second heart soundAnswer: of the semilunar valves Question: what is the tunica interna made Answer: endothelium and CT Question: what is the media made ofAnswer: smooth and elastic fiber sheets Question: what up most of the tunica externaAnswer: fibers Question: where is the tunica media thicker, arteries or Answer: arteries Question: where is the externa thicker, arteries or veinsAnswer: veins Question: which blood vessels are most responsible for maintaining blood pressure, arteries or Answer: Question: what layer are really arterioles and veins missingAnswer: externa Question: what are the 4 involved in respirationAnswer: ventilation, external , transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration Question: what is respirationAnswer: gas exchange the blood and the airsacs in the lungs Question: what is respirationAnswer: gas exchange between the blood and cells Question: what types of make up the respiratory mucosaAnswer: ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells Question: what types of line the alveoliAnswer: type 1 or squamous cells Question: what are type 2 Answer: cuboidal cells secrete surfactant Question: what comprises the membraneAnswer: alveoli together with the pulmonary endothelium Question: list the main of the kidneysAnswer: excretion; regulation of blood volume/composition; production of erythropoetin; metabolism of vitamin D to active form; production of (for BP regulation) Question: which part of the kidney contains the collecting Answer: Question: what is the name to a glomerulus and the glomerular capsuleAnswer: corpuscle Question: which structure collects from the collecting ducts and drains into the uretersAnswer: pelvis Question: arteriole feeds the peritubular capillaries, afferent or efferent.Answer: efferent Question: what comprises the membraneAnswer: fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries; basement ; podocytes of the Bowman's capsule Question: are podocytes found on the visceral or parietal layer of the glomerular Answer: Question: which nephrons play a key role in the kidney's ability to concentrated urineAnswer: juxtamedullary Question: how much blood is filtered by the kidneys each Answer: 50 Question: how much fluids and solutes are reabsorbed by the kidneys each Answer: 49 gal Question: what do we call the cells of the which produce HClAnswer: oxyntic or cells Question: what else do oxyntic secrete and what is that product used forAnswer: intrinsic factor which is needed for B12 absorption in the small intestine Question: which cells pepsinogenAnswer: cells or zymogenic cells Question: what else do chief cells produce in very amountsAnswer: Question: what are some of the substances by enteroendocrine cellAnswer: gastrin, histamine, , serotonin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin Question: how much bile does the produce dailyAnswer: 500-1000 Question: what are the 4 lobes of the calledAnswer: left, right, caudate, Question: what are the functional units of the Answer: Question: what are the macrophages in the sinusoids calledAnswer: Kuppfer Question: into what part of the is bile releasedAnswer: duodenum Question: what is another name for the Answer: palpebrae Question: what is inflammation of the tarsal calledAnswer: chalazion Question: what is Answer: inflammation/infection of ciliary or non-tarsal Question: what does the containAnswer: sebaceous and sweat glands - it has a secretion Question: what is the Answer: a mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and whites of the eye Question: what up lacrimal fluidAnswer: mucous, antibodies, Question: what is the of vitreous humorAnswer: collagenous Question: what are the tunics of the eyeAnswer: sclera, uvea (choroid), Question: what is the made fromAnswer: it's a clear layer Question: what covers both sides of the layer of the corneaAnswer: sheets that allow regeneration Question: what up the uveaAnswer: blood vessels, iris and body Question: what is the Answer: colored part of eye that acts as diaphragm to open and close the Question: what is the iris made Answer: muscle Question: what is the function of the bodyAnswer: it controls lens shape and secretes aqueous Question: what is the lens made Answer: proteins Question: in phototransduction, what is the in which neural signal is carriedAnswer: photoreceptors => bipolar cells => ganglion cells => nerve Question: photoreceptors work in dim lightAnswer: Question: is the olfactory epithemium locatedAnswer: in the upper part of the nasal Question: after a neural signal goes to the olfactory bulb, what other two areas can it go to Answer: olfactory and limbic system Question: what separates the ear from the middle earAnswer: eardrum or tympanic Question: what key structures are in the earAnswer: malleus, , stapes (the ossicles) Question: what major structures are in the earAnswer: vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular Question: structure contains the receptors for hearingAnswer: cochlea Question: what structures are with equilibriumAnswer: and semicircular canals Question: what are some things which can cause Answer: inflammation of the middle ear, cochlear degeneration, side effect of medications Question: what is Answer: ringing or clicking in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli Question: what are necessary for our sense of equilibriumAnswer: from inner ear, vision, and stretch receptors Question: what do the equilibrium mechanoreceptors Answer: they position and acceleration Question: name the receptors located in the vestibuleAnswer: Question: name the sensory receptors located in the semicircular Answer: cristae Question: what type of motion do the hair cells in the maculae , linear or rotationalAnswer: Question: what drugs depress vestibular Answer: dramamine and Question: name the types of granulocytesAnswer: , eosinophils, basophils Question: WBC release histamine from their granulesAnswer: Question: what type of nuclei do agranulocytes haveAnswer: or kidney shaped Question: what are the two types of stem that can form from a hemocytoblastAnswer: myeloid and lymphoid stem Question: what can the myeloid stem cell turn Answer: leukocytes and monocytes Question: what is Answer: complex series of reactions that stop bleeding after a blood vessel is Question: what are 3 of the lymphatic systemAnswer: helps maintain fluid balance of tissues; provides transport route for absorbed fat; defend against diseases Question: list the in which lymph vessels collect fluidAnswer: lymph capillaries => vessels => trunks => ducts Question: where does the right duct drain intoAnswer: rt. vein/jugular vein junction Question: what drives the flow of lymph in vesselsAnswer: skeletal muscle movement; smooth muscle movement in wals of trunks and ducts; lymph vessels bundled with blood vessels by CT uses pulsation of vessels Question: which type of lymphocyte mediates a humoral and which mediates a cellular immune responseAnswer: B lymphocyte => humoral (antibodies) ; T => cellular immune response Question: what are 3 of T cellsAnswer: , killer, memory Question: what is the type of tissue in lymph organsAnswer: loose reticular CT except for the Question: what are the 4 sets of Answer: lingual, palatine, , tubal Question: what are the major of the spleenAnswer: site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance; removes debris, pathogens from lymph and blood; extracts aged RBCs and platelets; mediates iron recycling; site of fetal production; stores platelets Question: what is the of the thymusAnswer: site of of T lymphocytes |
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